整形外科论文翻译英文版

塑料和reconstuctive手术 理解应用程序的整形手术伤口缝合技术 要认识到它的重要性及血液供应的整形手术 了解皮肤移植和他们的临床应用 能够区分不同种类的襟翼 使用“重建梯子的逻辑思维关于关闭的缺陷 介绍 整形外科手术的一个分支,它的起源早在远古 埃及,伤口护理中描述的纸上,并且在象形文字的皮瓣重建的鼻子和耳朵在公元五世纪Susruta-Samhita的印度圣技术是通过这个世代,后来被称为'India整形手术'as在19世纪晚期,. 第二个也宣布了现代战争的plsstic手术,作为新的外科技术应用到战争中受伤伴随进展允许麻醉控制感染,而受伤的重建,在此之前,只有非手术措施可能导致了在不sarring或丧失功能的. 手术显微镜的发展在20世纪50年代打开门,整形手术和自由的组织微血管转移,以便更精确的和复杂的重建。 现代整形外科手术的组合的技巧和方法试图重新恢复正常的、功能、解剖学的异常是否异常是由于外伤或梗塞,一种疾病的过程,如肿瘤或感染实际上,在整形外科医师的任务是经常修改伤口,是为了能治愈,或者在某些情况下,创建一个手术伤口恢复形式和功能。 在这一章的原则,reconstrctive手术和不同的技术可将探索符合实际的例子。

"University students are from school time to society, from immature to mature transition period, while the University is the initial stage of their right to develop their way of an important period of how to University Students, University Students are very concerned about each of the questions, in particular, near school students are required to learn to adapt to environmental changes, social changes in the requirements, select a suitable method of university study in order to adapt to the rapid development of science and technology in today's society. This is the self-study methods. Independent study is intended to study love their students will learn to adapt to the needs of social development, the quality of its colleges and universities are one of the core of , current efforts to cultivate and enhance the capacity of first year students study independently, a clear self-study at the University of Education, University Students establish the concept of self-study, independent study from the impact of various aspects of starting, create favorable conditions to promote the freshman students The ability to study the development of autonomy for the University of society into the study and provide guarantees for the future. "

Plastic and reconstuctive surgery To understand the application of plastic surgery techniques to wound closure To be aware of the importance of blood supply and anatomy in plastic surgery To know about skin grafts and their clinical uses To be able to distinguish between different types of flaps To use the ‘reconstructive ladder’ to think logically about the closure of defects INTRODUCTION Plastic and reconstructive surgery is a branch of surgery that has its origins as far back as Ancient Egypt,with wound care depicted in hieroglyphs on papyrus,and descriptions of flap reconstructions of nose and ear in the Susruta-Samhita in the fifth century AD in India .These techniques were passed on through the generations and came to be known as’India plastic surgery’as recently as the late nineteenth Second Would War heralded the modern era of plsstic surgery,as new surgical techniques were applied to war advances in anaesthesia and infection control allowed reconstruction of injuries for which previously only non-operative measures were possible that had resulted in unsightly sarring or loss of development of the operating microscope in the 1950s opened the door to reconstructive microvascular surgery and free tissue transfer,enabling even more accurate and complex reconstructions. Modern plastic and reconstructive surgery is the combination of various surgical skills and techniques to attempt to restore normal,functional,anatomy from the abnormal whether the abnormality is congential,traumatic or a result of a disease process such as cancer or practical terms ,the plastic surgeon’s task is often to modify a wound in order that it may heal or ,in some cases,to create a surgical wound to regain form or function. In this chapter,the principles of reconstrctive surgery and the different techniques available will be explored with practical examples. 塑料和reconstuctive手术 了解整形外科中的应用技术，伤口闭合 必须知道的重要性，血液供应，并在整形外科解剖学 了解皮肤移植的临床使用 为了能够区分不同类型的皮瓣 使用'重建梯子'逻辑思维的关闭缺陷 导言 整形外科的一个分支手术，有它的起源可以追溯到古代 埃及，与伤口护理描绘象形文字的纸莎草纸，并说明皮瓣重建的鼻子和耳朵的妙闻集在公元5世纪在印度。这些技术通过了关于通过几代人后来被称为as'India塑料surgery'as最近十九世纪末世纪第二阶段，宣告了现代战争的时代plsstic手术，新手术方法适用于战争进展麻醉和感染控制允许重建受伤而以前只有非手术措施可能导致难看sarring或损失函数发展的手术显微镜在20世纪50年代打开了大门微血管重建手术，游离组织转移，从而更精确和复杂的重建。 现代整形外科手术是外科手术相结合的各种技能和技巧，以试图恢复正常的功能，从解剖学的异常是否是先天性畸形，创伤性或导致的疾病过程，如癌症或实际情况而言，在整形外科医师的任务往往是修改伤口，以便它可以治愈，或在某些情况下，创建一个外科伤口恢复的形式或功能。 在这一章的原则reconstrctive手术和不同的技术可将探讨实例。

这种比较专业性的好的免费的论文在网上很难找,就算找的应该也不是完整的,特别是免费的,建议你去学校图书馆阅览室,你不有阅览证吗?那里很多,选择性多呀,含金量也比较高.

Objective To evaluate acute and long2term angiographic and clinical outcomes of longstent or multiple overlapped stents (length ≥ 20 mm) implantation for diffuse atherosclerosis lesions inoctogenarians. Methods Long stent or multiple overlapped stents implantation was performed on 111diffuse native coronary lesions ( Group O : 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians ; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patientsaged under 60) . Baseline demographic , lesion characteristic , angiographic and procedural details weresimilar in these 2 groups. Six2month clinical and angiographic follow2up was completed in all cases. In2hospital and long2term outcomes were evaluated. Results Procedure success was 100 %for both had in2hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) . There was no significant difference inangiographic binary restenosis ( ≥50 % diameter stenosis) rate between the groups at follow2up ( Group Ovs. Group Y, 1218 % vs1 1019 % at 32month , 2918 % vs. 2616 % at 62month , P > 0105) . The rates oftarget lesion revascularization and MACE at follow2up were less in Group Y, but it showed no statisticalsignificance (718 % vs. 1016 % and 816 % vs. 1114 % at 32month , 1516 % vs. 2314 % and 2017 % % at 62month , respectively , P > 0105) . Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesionsin octogenarians appears safe and feasible , with high procedural success and favorable long2term outcomes.

这个。。。。帮你翻译，也许很容易，但是我觉得你还是自己翻译出来对以后有好处，我给你的建议是，上google，然后用他的语言工具翻译出来，当然那是直译，所以有很多很别扭，但是正因为它是直译，所以你能够对照着他来看你不明白的单词，然后对照着英文，你就能看明白什么意思了。

The college days is the student moves toward the society, by not the mature trend mature transition period from the school, but the university initial period is precisely they raises their correct study way the important period. How should the university student study, is each university student very issue of concern, particularly enters a school the soon university student to need to adapt the change which as soon as possible learning environment's change, the society request, chooses one kind the method which suits the university to study, adapts the science and technology rapid development now society. But studies is this kind of method independently. The independent study's original intention will be the student love studies, will study, will meet the social development need, it will be one of university education for all-around development cores. Therefore, the present need raises and sharpens the big student independent learning capability vigorously, is clear about the independent study in the college education status, sets up university student's independent study view, embarks from influence independent study's many aspects, the creation good condition promotes the big student's independent learning capability development, will march into the society for the university study and the future to provide the guarantee.”

写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。

介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：

Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.

叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：

This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.

叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：

Our text achieved the possibility above.