ABSTRACT The development of people's ability totranslate figurative speech was studied, using sentences containing metaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, aspresented in classroom workbooks. One hundred twentychildren from first, third, fifth, and seventh grades wereasked to describe the meaning of each figurative word orphrase placed in context. Responses were scored on a fourpoint scale indicating the extent to which the child used aliteral or figurative translation. Significant effects betweengrade levels and figurative conditions were found, indicatingthat the ability to translate figurative speech proceeds alonga developmental hierarchy of language comprehension. Themajority of third grade children were able to translate metaphors and dual function words into figurative language successfully. The ability to translate proverbs required a levelof comprehension that does not appear in most childrenuntil seventh grade, as suggested by recent review of the psychological literature onmetaphor suggests a strong relationship betweenmetaphor comprehension and Piaget's cognitive stagesof thought development (3). Piagetian theory suggeststhat children from seven to twelve years of age developa broad range of transformational skills that allows themto operate on reality, building a repertoire of symbolsand signs (8). This display of cognitive growth representsan enormous expansion of power and abstraction in thatit frees children from the literal aspects of their percep and Piaget suggest that the capacity for poeticusage and the ability to operate on linguistic elementsmay be the last facet of language to develop (3). Theauthors' experiences in third grade classrooms, whileobserving children's understanding of figurative speechas presented in reading workbooks, revealed a wide rangeof abilities in the children's interpretation of metaphorsand proverbs at the concrete operations period of development. Some children had an immediate grasp of the multiple meanings of terms, while others, regardless of theamount of explanation given, could not override theircognitive ties to the literal suggests that the capacity to understandmetaphoric speech occurs at an age beyond the preschoollevel (5). An early study investigated the development ofchildren's ability to understand dual function words,terms that have a joint reference in language to bothphysical and psychological data (1). For example, suchwords as "cold" and "warm" denote thermal propertiesand can serve a dual function in describing psychologicalaspects of people. The authors suggested that these termsare an elementary instance of metaphorical thinking andinvestigated the order in which children's understandingof dual terms emerged. Results indicated that childrenfrom three to seven are sensitive only to the literal translation, while seven- to eight-year olds demonstrate thebeginning of the ability to use the psychological sense ofthe terms. The ability to state the dual function of theterms was clearly developed in the twelve-year-old group(for example, "hard things and hard people are bothunmanageable").Further work examined the ability of preschool children to make metaphoric links, to perceive relationshipsamong disparate phenomena (6). Children, ages three tonineteen, were asked to indicate their knowledge ofliteral meanings of word pairs and then project them ontosensory domains using metaphoric skills. In contrast toearlier findings, these results indicated that the capacityfor metaphoric association between sensory modalitiesand adjectives was evident in young recent investigation found a developmental trendtoward the comprehension of metaphors, though it concluded that not until the age of ten were children ableto demonstrate metaphoric understanding of dual function words (12).The ability to understand proverbs has been explainedby Piaget as part of the development of cognitive thinking (10). He proposed that children from nine to elevenyears of age use a simple projection of the proverb intosentences by process of immediate fusion. At this level,there is no analysis of detail in comprehending proverbs,but a general fusion of two propositions without analysisof their meanings. Piaget believed that this phenomenonprecedes the development of logical thinking, that theability to translate proverbs does not occur until theformal operations present study examined the relationship amongmetaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, specificallylooking at children's ability to translate classroom materialpresented in context. Context has been cited as an impor
在前面的帖子中，我提到一句中国谚语“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”。这个帖子发表后，网友vmax给我留言，问我这个谚语是否可以翻译成下面的句子。我回答他说，当然可以，但我不鼓励您这样做，主要原因是：您的译文，我们中国人看得懂，但外国人看不懂，他们根本不知道诸葛亮是什么人，如果您想让外国人也能看得懂，您就必须在译文的后面，额外增加一段注释，介绍一下《三国演义》，再介绍一下诸葛亮，只有这样，外国人才能真正理解这个谚语，您说麻烦不麻烦？！ Three cobblers are more clever than Mr. Zhuge Liang.(三个皮匠会比诸葛亮先生更聪明。) 其实，我们中国的许多谚语，都有对应的英语谚语，两者意思相同或者相似，完全可以互相代替，一般情况下，不需要我们自己翻译。比如“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”这个谚语，就有一个对应的英语谚语，请看下面第一行。另外一个与《三国演义》人物有关的谚语“说曹操，曹操到”，也有对应的英语谚语，请看下面第二行。 ①Two heads are better than one.(两个脑袋比一个脑袋更好。) ②When we talk about the devil, he will appear.(当我们谈论魔鬼的时候，他将会出现。) 看到这里，有些朋友可能会问：在哪里可以找到这些对应的英语谚语呢？我曾在北京王府井的外文书店中，看到过这方面的书，书名好象叫做《汉英谚语词典》(时间长了，记不清楚了)，我们可以从这种词典中，查出大多数中国谚语的对应英语谚语。现在国内是“英语热”，英语图书(包括英语词典)多如牛毛，我想这种词典应当不难找到。 一个中国谚语，只有在词典中找不到对应的英语谚语时，我们才考虑自己翻译，不过这种情况好象并不多见。比如“周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打，一个愿挨”这个谚语，我就一直没有找到对应的英语谚语，因此我把它翻译为： One is willing to sell, and the other is willing to buy.(一个人愿意卖，另外一个人愿意买。)
不明白啊==！
英文谚语大全 Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 鸟儿都爱听自己唱歌。 Each day brings its own bread. 天无绝人之路。 Each man is the architect of his own fate. 命运掌握在自己手中。 Eagles catch no flies. 大人物不计较小事情。 Eagles fly alone, but sheep flock together. 鹰单飞，羊群集。 Early mistakes are the seeds of future trouble. 早期的错误可以酿成日后的麻烦。 Early sow, early mow. 播种早的收获早。 Early start makes easy stages. 早开始是成功的保证。 Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，令人健康、富有而且聪明。 Early wed, early dead. 早婚早夭。 Easier said than done. 说话容易做事难。 East or west, home is best. 在家千日好，出门时时难。 Easy come, easy go. 易得易失。 Eat at pleasure, drink with measure. 随意吃饭，适度饮酒。 Eat one's cake and have it. 又要马儿好，又要马儿不吃草。 Eat to live, but not live to eat. 吃饭是为了生存，但生存不是为了吃饭。 Eat to please thyself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。 Education begins a gentleman, conversation completes him. 人的教养始于教育，成于社交。 Education has for its object the formation of character. 教育的目的在于培养品德。 Elbow grease gives the best polish. 只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针。 Empty vessels make the greatest sound. 空桶响声大。 Enough is as good as a feast. 知足常乐。 Envy assails the noblest, the winds howl around the highest peak. 高位遭人妒，高峰招风吹。 Equivocation is first cousin to a lie. 支支吾吾，其言必诈。 Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow; he who would search for pearls must dive below. 错误像稻草，漂浮在水面。欲觅珍珠者，须往水下潜。 Even Homer sometimes nods. 人非圣贤，孰能无过。 Even the walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。 Every advantage has its disadvantage. 有利必有弊。 Every bean has its black. 人人有其缺点。 Every bird likes its own nest. 人爱其家。 Everybody's business is nobody's business. 人人都管，大家不管。 Every brave man is a man of his word. 勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。 Every bullet has its billet. 无风不起浪。 Every cloud has a silver lining. 山穷水尽疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。 Every cock crows on its own dunghill. 夜郎自大。 Every cook praises his own broth. 自吹自擂。 Every country has its customs. 乡有乡俗。 Every couple is not a pair. 同床异梦，貌合神离。 Every day is not Sunday. 好景不常在，好花不常开。 Every day of thy life is a leaf in thy history. 生命中的一天就是你历史上的一页。 Every dog has his day. 凡人都有得意之日。 Every dog has his day, and every man his hour. 人人都有得意的日子。 Every dog is a lion at home. 夜郎自大。 Every dog is valiant at his won door. 狗在家门前条条都凶悍。 Every door may be shut but death's door. 除了死门外，每门都可关。 Every extremity is a fault. 万事过分都差误。 Every fool can find faults that wise man cannot remedy. 蠢人也能找出聪明人无法弥补的岔子来的。 Every heart has its own sorrow. 人人都有伤心处。 Every horse thinks his sack heaviest. 每疋马认为自己驮的袋子重。 Every Jack has his Jill. 有情人终成眷属。 Every little makes a mickle. 积少成多。 Every lover sees a thousand graces in the beloved object. 情人眼里出西施。 Every man has a fool in his sleeve. 聪明一世，糊涂一时。 Every man has his faults. 人孰无过。 Every man has his hobby-horse. 人各有所好。 Every man has his liking. 人各有所好。 Every man has his weak side. 人人都有自己的弱点。 Every man is best know to himself. 自己最了解自己。 Every man has the defects of his qualities. 一个人的好品质上也有不足之处。 Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。 Every man is the master of his own fortune. 每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。 Every man is the son of his own works. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 Every man thinks his own geese swans. 每个人都以为自己的东西了不起。 Every medal has its reverse. 事物都有它的反面。 Every mother's child is handsome. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Everyone is dissatisfied with his own fortune. 人对自己的命运总不感满足。 Every one's faults are not written in their foreheads. 知人知面不知心。 Every pleasure has a pain. 乐中必有苦。 Every potter praises his own pot. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Every salesman boasts of his own wares. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Every shoe fits not every foot. 不能以己度人。 Everything comes to him who waits. 安心等待必有好处。 Everything has its seed. 无风不起浪。 Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 任何事情都有好的时机，不要随意放过。 Everything hath an end. 任何事物都有它的结果。 Everything is good in its season. 万物逢时皆美好。 Everything is good when new, but friend when old. 东西新的好，朋友老的好。 Everything is nice in your garden. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Everything must have a beginning. 凡是都有起源。 Everything new is fine. 新事物总是美好的。 Every tide hath its ebb. 兴盛之日必有衰退之时。 Every tree is known by its own fruit. 观其言行，知其为人。 Every why has a wherefore. 事出有因。 Evil comes to us by ells and goes away by inches. 罪恶来时，尺进寸退。 Evil communications corrupt good manners. 交往恶劣，有损风度。 Evil gotten, evil spent. 悖入悖出。 Example is better than precept. 言教不如身教。 Exchange is no robbery. 公平交易并非强行夺取。 Exercise, temperance, fresh air, and needful rest are the best of all physicians. 锻链、节制、新鲜空气和必要的休息是最好的医生。 Experience is a school from which one can never graduate. 经验无止境。 Experience is the best teacher. 经验是良师。 Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother. 经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。 Experience is the mother of wisdom. 智慧来自经验。 Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other. 吃亏学乖代价高，笨汉非此学不好。 Experience keeps no school, she teaches her pupils singly. 亲身经验，才是经验。 Experience must be bought. 若要得经验，必须化代价。 Experience teaches. 经验给人教训。 Experience without learning is better than learning without experience. 有经验而无学问，胜于有学问而无经验。 Extremes are dangerous. 物极必反。 Extremes meet. 否极泰来。 Eye for eye and tooth for tooth. 以牙还牙，以眼还眼。
对谚语的看法议论文：
谚语是一种流传至今的民间智慧，它们概括了人们在生活、工作中所遇到的问题和经验，并通过简洁有力的句子表达出来。谚语既可以作为个人的处世原则，也可以成为社会共识的基础。因此，我们应该正确认识和利用谚语，以更好地推进自身的发展和社会进步。
谚语是一种宝贵的人类智慧，它们包含着生活的真理和哲理，能够启迪人们的思想、指导人们的行为，同时也促进了文化的传承和交流。我们应该正确看待和利用谚语，把它们运用到实际生活中，成为我们生活、工作中的良师益友。
谚语的历史意义：
首先，谚语具有深刻的启示作用。传统谚语多数来源于历史长河，蕴含了几千年时间里智者的思考和总结。这些谚语常常道出现实生活中的重要问题，如“时间就是金钱”、“不经一事，不长一智”等等，能够帮助人们从这些简短明了的话语中汲取真知灼见。同时，谚语的内容通常经过长期实践检验，是被证明行之有效的人生经验总结，对于我们日常生活的指导和启迪都有着积极的意义。
其次，谚语能够促进文化传承和交流。谚语是中国文化的一个重要组成部分，它们是祖先的精华和文化遗产。通过学习和运用谚语，我们可以更好地了解传统文化，加强文化自信，并且在国际间进行文化交流时，谚语也可以成为我们与其他文化沟通的桥梁。
然而，也应该认识到谚语的局限性。虽然大多数谚语都是经过反复验证的，但是在特定情况下使用谚语可能并不适当。比如，“君子之交淡如水”，虽然可以表达人际关系淡泊的观点，但如果把它奉为圭臬，就可能忽视了友情的真正价值，失去了朋友间相互关心和支持的重要性。因此，使用谚语时需要根据具体情况进行审慎选择。
汉语谚语研究综述论文
摘要 本文主要是对近几年来对汉语谚语的相关研究进行了综述，内容主要涉及从本体的角度对汉语谚语的研究、从英汉对比的角度对汉语谚语的研究和有关对外汉语教学中谚语教学的研究，目的在于探讨目前汉语谚语研究中仍旧存在的问题，哪些是值得我们继续研究的。
关键词 汉语谚语 综述 对外汉语教学
谚语是流传于群众之中的通俗易懂而含义深刻的现成语句，它用通俗、简练的语句表达一个完整的意思，并且含义深刻。谚语概括了人民群众社会生活中多方面的经验和客观真理，对他人和后人都有长久的莫大教益。汉语熟语数量极多，是中华民族文化的一面镜子，极富有民族特色，所以，相关学者越来越重视汉语谚语的研究。本文基于一些学者的相关研究对汉语谚语做一个综述，探讨目前汉语谚语的研究还存在哪些问题，哪些方面是值得我们继续研究的。
一、从本体的角度对汉语谚语的研究
钱玉莲在《现代汉语词汇讲义》中提到了汉语谚语的性质，并对谚语的内容作了归纳总结，谚语的内容非常丰富，涉及各个不同的领域。除了谚语的性质和内容，书中还提到了谚语的结构特点和意义，作者在书中对汉语谚语做了总的概括，有利于后人在研究谚语时寻求理论依据。
在由浙江省温州大学、山西省社会科学院和商务印书馆联合主办的第二届汉语语汇学学术研讨会上，付乔的《浅析关键性语素的解释在谚语释义中的重要性》一文,从编写谚语辞书的实践中总结归纳出谚语语目中可能成为关键性语素的常见类型,并从不同角度剖析了解释好关键性语素在谚语释义中的重要性。大会中，史素芬的《谈谚语的变异问题》通过大量例证,对谚语的变异现象进行了概括和归纳，这对人们理解谚语的含义有着重要的指导意义。
高兵的《汉语熟语的民族特色研究》一文，主要从数量、内容、来源、形式上对汉语谚语的民族特色做了研究，作者指出在数目庞大的汉语熟语体系中，谚语占着很大的分量。
该文指出汉语谚语大都是来源于民族语言的历史遗存，是汉民族自己创造的。笔者从形式和内容上对汉语谚语作出总结，说明谚语是极富有民族特色的。
付平平在《概念整合理论对汉语谚语的解读》中介绍了如何运用概念整合理论对汉语谚语的意义构建进行动态分析，作者提出之前人们对汉语谚语的解读一般都是关于内容和形式方面的，很少从认知的角度对其进行解释。在这篇文章中，笔者从一个全新的认知角度去解读汉语谚语，利用概念整合理论对汉语谚语这一极具民族特色的语言现象进行阐释，这又开拓了汉语谚语研究的新空间。
刘微微、刘洪泉的《汉语谚语的文化含义及翻译》和王岩在《汉语熟语文化学研究的现状和框架》都是从文化学角度研究汉语谚语，主要阐述了汉语谚语的文化属性及其民族文化特征，分析透视谚语中所蕴涵的文化，这些后者在研究汉语谚语的时候都是可以借鉴的。
王鸿雁在《汉语谚语的句法形式特点分析》中研究分析出了谚语在性质、功能上相当于一个词,按学术界公认的一种说法即是“词的等价物”，指出谚语具有不同于一般词语的外显特征，同时又讲到了汉语谚语的功能。他的研究还分析出了谚语的形式：单句形式、紧缩句形式和复句形式，以及汉语谚语的省略形式，这体现了谚语的口语风格，形式上实现了谚语简约的价值。
二、从英汉对比的角度对汉语谚语的研究
研究谚语对比的学者也比较多，在众多的研究中，英汉对比占大多数，主要是因为汉语谚语与英语谚语有很多的相似性。但是由于文化等因素的差异，汉英谚语还是存在着很多不同之处。近几年来，学者的主要成果是分析两者的异同，探讨一些行之有效的翻译方法，以求更好地为跨文化交际服务。
刘微微、刘洪泉主要从宗教思想、人文思想、道德观念三个方面阐述了汉语和英语谚语的文化内涵，指出了两者的异同点。文中介绍了汉语谚语英译的四种方法：再现汉语谚语中的形象直译、转换汉语谚语中的形象套译、舍弃汉语谚语中的形象意译、借用英语谚语中的形象套译，强调谚语翻译时,要充分考虑到谚语的语言特点和文化背景,根据具体的情况灵活处理。
林安洪、姜诚指出汉语谚语与英语谚语的主要区别表现在稳定性、地理位置、历史习俗及宗教方面，揭示出汉语谚语比英语谚语固性定强。由于地理位置、历史习俗和宗教信仰的影响，汉语谚语与英语谚语有着很大的不同，反映了各自的民族文化。
沈奇在《论英语谚语的汉语翻译方法》中通过对比提出了汉英谚语互译的几种方法：套用现成的汉语谚语、“客随主便”与“主随客便”、“直译”与“意译”。
杜金有指出谚语是语言文化世界里的奇葩，在各民族语言文化中担当着重要角色，文章从谚语的来源和修辞两个方面比较分析了英汉谚语的异同，揭示出英语和汉语中有许多谚语来源或衍生于外来语。周玉亮在《英汉谚语对比研究》中指出汉语谚语和俗语的关系，分别从主要来源、句法特点和语体特点等方面对英汉谚语进行了对比研究，讨论了英汉谚语在形式与内容方面的对应、半对应与不对应情况，并且提出了文学作品中谚语翻译的主要原则，体现了英汉谚语对比研究的现实意义，即它对翻译活动的借鉴作用。同时作者还指出英汉谚语对比研究，仅有一些相关的论文散见于各种学术刊物或论文集当中，专论性著作尚未问世，与英汉成语(或习语)对比研究相比显得尤为滞后。这些问题都是值得我们思考的，有待后者的研究。
薄鲜娥、冯建民、许丽红、高小燕、王清宁等学者也从汉英谚语对比的角度研究汉语谚语的，笔者在这里就不详细叙述了。还有一些学者，如张宜波(《英汉植物词语的国俗语义对比研究》)、孙永红(《中英文动物词语的`不同文化内涵及差异》)、周昆翔(《从概念隐喻看英汉动物词语的文化异同》)等，从带有动植物词语等词语的谚语入手，对汉英谚语做了比较，分析了两者的文化差异。
三、有关对外汉语教学中谚语教学的研究
谚语作为一种口承语言文化现象在语言学上有重要的研究价值，留学生学习汉语谚语,可以深入了解汉民族独特的文化特征及隐藏于语言背后的文化差异,对提高汉语口语水平具有重要作用。近几年来，随着汉语热的逐流，一些学者开始从对外汉语教学的角度研究汉语谚语，试图从中找出汉语谚语教学的好方法。
赵现琦在《对外汉语口语教学中谚语教学的重要作用》中揭示出留学生学习汉语谚语可以深入了解汉民族的独特文化以及隐藏在语言背后的文化差异，学习和掌握一些常用的谚语可以提高自身的口语交际能力，使自己的汉语说得更加地道。同时作者提出了谚语教学应注意的问题，如教学应该选择一些有教育意义的谚语，语交际实践中学习和训练谚语等，笔者提出的观点和问题都是值得我们在汉语教学中借鉴和注意的。
林安洪、姜诚在《英汉谚语的差异及其在课堂教学中的应用》指出把民族谚语的差异应用于课堂教学中，不仅能增加学生对英语学习的兴趣，扩大他们的知识面，还能提高他们的涵养，笔者的方法在对外汉语谚语教学中也是行之有效的，值得我们借鉴。
王振来的《熟语的文化附加义》指出初级留学生和谚语接触较少,中高级阶段与谚语的接触逐渐增多，留学生学习谚语难在文化附加义上。笔者就留学生学习汉语谚语难这一问题提出了自己的见解，指出留学生要想学好汉语谚语，就要了解谚语的文化附加义，正确使用谚语。笔者的见解对对外汉语谚语教学有很大的帮助，对从事对外汉语工作者有很大的启发性。
四、结语
近几年来，相关学者对谚语研究越来越重视，并取得了一定的成果。但是，我们发现谚语研究还是存在着一些问题，如专门研究汉语谚语的论著还不多，很多都是随着汉语熟语的研究出现的，而且研究都是从大的方面入手，还不够细化。谚语的对比研究成果虽多，但是大部分都是汉英对比，汉语谚语与其他语言谚语对比的很少，而且很粗化。从对外汉语教学的角度研究汉语谚语起步比较晚，虽然一些学者通过研究谚语找到了一些谚语教学的方法，也行之有效，但是不够系统化，比如说对外汉语教材中该选择什么样的谚语，专门的谚语教材如何编撰等问题涉及的很少。总之，汉语谚语研究的空间还很大，无论从哪些角度去思考去分析，我们都可以找到切入点，这些都有待学者们去研究.
一、看风测天 天气兴云致雨首先要有水汽，水汽是靠风来输送的，“东风送湿，西风干；南风送暖，北风寒。”，风对天气变化有明显预兆。 “南风吹到底，北风来还礼”，这是冷空气经过前后风向的转换情况。冷空气南下到达本地之前，受暖气团影响盛吹偏南风，冷空气到达时，转为偏北风，风向转变前后，天气转阴有雨。 “西北风，开天锁，雨消云散天转晴”，吹西北风，表示本地已受干冷气团控制，预示天气转晴。 “云交云，雨淋淋”、“逆风行云天要变”，说明大气高低层风向不一致，易引起空气上下对流，产生雷雨等对流性天气。 季节不同，风向所反映的天气也不同。“一年三季东风雨，唯有夏季东风晴”、“东北风，雨祖宗”，表明吹了偏东风，1～2天内天气将转阴雨，而夏季吹偏东风，将海上温度较低的气流吹到陆上，起调节气温的作用，不易下雨，尤其不易出现雷阵雨。 二、看云测天 俗语说：“云是天气的招牌”。云的形状、高低、移向直接反映了当时天气运动的状态，预示着未来天气的变化。民间很重视看云测天。 “云往东，一场空，云往西，水凄凄；云往南，雨成潭，云往北，好晒谷。”云往东或东南移动，表明高空吹西到西北风，故有“云往东，一场空”。“云往西”，指春夏之交，云从东或东南伸展过来，常是台风侵袭的征兆，所以会“水凄凄”了。云向南移，说明冷空气南下，冷暖气团交汇，所以，“云往南，雨成潭”。云向北移，表明本地区受单一暖气团控制，天气无雨便“好晒谷”了。 天空上下云层一致，天气比较晴好。高低层云移向不一致，天气变化会很剧烈、复杂。正如谚语所说“天上乱云交，地上雨倾盆”、“顺风船，顶风雨”、逆风行云天要作变”。 有许多谚语是看天的颜色测天，如“乌云块块叠，雷雨眼面前”、火烧乌云盖，有雨来得快”、“人黄有病，天黄有雨”、“日出红云升，劝君莫出门”、“傍晚黄胖云，明朝大雨淋”等。 三、看雨测天 雨雪天气现象出现的早晚、强度及方位，都对应着一定的天气形势，因而能判断推测出天气变化。 “雨前毛毛没大雨，雨后毛毛没晴天”。是指一开始就降毛毛雨，预示这场雨不会大，若降了大雨，转为下毛毛雨，预示仍要继续下雨，不易转晴。 “开门雨，下一指；闭门雨，下一丈”、“早落雨，晚砍柴；晚落雨，穿雨鞋”，是说清晨开始下雨，时间短，雨量小，晚饭前后下雨，时间长，雨量大。 “雨下中，两头空”，指中午下雷雨，时间短，两头晴天。 “久雨傍晚晴，一定转晴天”，阴雨时傍晚前后雨止转晴，预示阴雨结束，天气转晴。 四、闻雷测天 民间群众常根据雷声预测天气，“雷公先唱歌，有雨也不多”，这条谚语指的是未下雨之前就雷声隆隆，表明这次下雨是局部地区受热不均匀等热力原因形成的，又叫热雷雨，雨量不大，时间很短，局地性强，常出现“夏雨隔条河，这边下雨，那边晒日头” 的现象。 “先雨后雷下大雨，不紧不慢连阴雨”、“雷声水里推磨，下雨漫满河”。这几条谚语指先下雨，雨后静风、闷热，雨势越来越猛，雷声不绝，预示要降暴雨；如在降雨过程中，雷声不紧不慢，打打停停，预示会出现连续阴雨。 “西南雷轰隆，大雨往下冲”，指西南方位起雷暴，来得慢，雨势猛，时间长。“西北雷声响，霎时雨滴滴”，西北方雷雨来得快，风力大，有红云时还会降冰雹。 “东北方响雷，雨量不大”、“东南雷声响，不见雨下来”，也是根据打雷的方向判定雨量的大小。 五、看雾测天 雾是常见的天气现象。特别是冬春，在晴朗微风的夜晚，地表附近气层里水汽含量较多，水汽凝结成雾，或是冷气团移向暖湿的地面时，也会形成雾。看雾也可以预测天气变化。 “白茫茫雾晴，灰沉沉雾雨”，有雾时，天空白茫茫，预示着晴天，如天气灰沉沉，预示雨天要来。“久晴大雾雨，久雨大雾晴”，久晴之后，空气中水气较少，不易形成大雾，如有大雾出现，表明有暖湿空气移来，北方冷空气影响时，会转阴雨。久雨之后，冷空气已控制本地，夜间云层消散，微风，早晨出现大雾，阴雨结束转晴。 不同季节出现大雾，预示未来天气也不一样。“春雾雨，夏雾热，秋雾凉风，冬雾雪”，指春天出现大雾，天要转阴雨；夏天大雾消散后，天气晴热；秋天有雾，表明有冷空气南下，会出现连续有雨；冬天有大雾，预示最近要下雪。 六、看天象测天 大气层中水汽、水滴、冰晶等到悬浮物质，使日、月、星、辰在天空中出现多种色彩和许多光学现象，观察它的变化，可以预测未来天气。 “朝霞不出门，暮霞行千里”。早上太阳从东方升起，如果大气中水汽过多，则阳光中一些波长较短的青光、蓝光、紫光被大气散射掉，只有红光、橙光、黄光穿透大气，天空染上红橙色，开成朝霞。红霞出现表示西方的云雨将要移来，所以，“朝霞不出门”。到了晚上，看到晚霞，表明云雨已移到东方，天气将转晴，所以“暮霞行千里”。谚语“日出胭脂红，无雨也有风”，、“日出红云，劝君莫远行”、“太阳照黄光，明日风雨狂”等也是这个道理。 “太阳正午现一现，以后三天不见面”，指前两天和当天上午阴雨，中午出现太阳，没有多久天气又转阴雨，预示天气将会连续阴雨。 七、看物象测天 动植物在气象条件发生变化时，其活动规律和习性会发生一些变化，人们根据这些变化来预测天气。 “乌龟背冒汗，出门带雨伞”乌龟背壳潮湿，壳上的纹路混而暗，是天要降雨的征兆；龟壳有水珠，像是冒汗，将要下大雨。龟壳干燥，纹路清晰，预示近期不会下雨。这是因为龟身贴地，龟背光滑阴凉，当暖湿空气移来时，会在龟背冷却凝结出现水珠，天将下雨，反之空气干燥，暂不会下雨。 “蛇过道，大雨到”、“水蛇盘柴头，地下大雨流”、“蚂蚁垒窝天将雨”、“蚯蚓封洞有大雨”、“蜻蜓飞得低，出门带雨衣”、“知了鸣，天放晴”、“蝉儿叫叫停停，连阴雨将来来临”、“鱼儿出水跳，风雨快来到”、“河里鱼打花，天上有雨下”。这些测天经验，几乎家喻户晓。它们都是动物对阴雨前气压低、湿度增大的生理反应。 在晴天转雨时，人们感到闷躁，疲倦不适。老人腰酸背疼，病人伤口发痒，关节疼痛，都预示天要阴雨。 八、看农历关键日预测天气 有许多天气谚语是看农历关键日预测天气。如“上看初二三，下看十五六”、“坏了初二三，半月不得干”、“要知未来瘫不瘫，就看农历二十三”（瘫指下雨）、“月逢初四雨，一月晴九天”、“大旱难逃五月十三”、“六月六晒龙袍，淋破龙袍反晒四十五天”（指六月六下雨后期阴雨天数多）等。 为什么这些关键日的天气易出现变化呢？人们经过长期的观测总结发现：冷暖气团经常会在农历的一些固定日期出现。农历与月相有密切关系，月亮的朔望对大气和海洋的引潮力有周期性变化，会使冷暖气团在某些固定日期比较活跃，影响时天气就会发生变化。 九、3个月韵律测气候 相距一定时间两种天气气候之间有一定的变化联系，气象学上把这种联系叫做韵律。许多作天气气候预测的天气谚语是属于韵律性质的。 3个月韵律表现为季节之间的联系，例如： ⑴“春雨贵如油，夏雨遍地流”、“春季无大风，夏季雨水穷”、“发尽桃花水，必是旱黄梅”。 ⑵“大暑不雨秋天旱”、“夏寒秋长”。 ⑶“秋水纷纷，冬雪满天”、“秋有旱，冬有冰”。 ⑷“寒水枯，春水多”、“打冬雷，落春雨”。 ⑸“春雪百日雨”。 这些天气谚语，反映了季节气候特点之间的联系，气象工作者用这些谚语作气候预测先要进行大量的谚语验证工作，再以此作为气候预报的一种判据。 十、5个月韵律测气候 许多天气谚语反映天气气候5个月的变化和联系，大约相隔一个季节。例如： ⑴“不得春风，难得秋雨”、“春有几次大风，秋有几次大雨”。 ⑵“三九欠东风，黄梅无大雨”、“九里一场风，伏里一场雨”、“九九南风伏里旱”、“四九南风伏里旱”。 以上两组天气谚语主要是根据冬春冷空气活动来预报5个月（150天）左右的降水天气。我们曾对天气谚语进行验证，查1月份冷空气活动与6月份降水的联系，发现26次冷空气活动，23次在以后的150天左右有降水过程，占88%，降水过程平均为3天。由此可以看出，用5个月韵律预测气候变化，可靠程度还是比较高的。
你至少要对你的论文熟悉，在时间很短的情况下，老师都只会对你的结构进行提问，也有可能会举个例子让你分析，总之如果论文是你自己整理组合而成的，那就没什么问题，但如果有太多是照搬别人的东西，那你就没那么容易过关了！
春雷响，万物长。 春雨贵似油，多下农民愁。 立春三场雨，遍地都米。 春雨漫了垅，麦子豌豆丢了种。 雨洒清明节，麦子豌豆满地结。 麦怕清明连夜雨。 夏雨稻命，春雨麦病。 三月雨，贵似油；四月雨，好动锄。 春天三场雨，秋后不缺米。 清明前后一场雨，豌豆麦子中了举。 有钱难买五月旱，六月连阴吃饱饭。 春得一犁雨，秋收万担粮。 六月下连阴，遍地出黄金。 春雨满街流，收麦累死牛。 黑夜下雨白天晴，打的粮食没处盛。 一阵太阳一阵雨，栽下黄秧吃白米。 伏里无雨，谷里无米；伏里雨多，谷里米多。 三伏要把透雨下，丘丘谷子压弯桠。 伏里一天一暴，坐在家里收稻。 秋禾夜雨强似粪，一场夜雨一场肥。 立了秋，那里下雨那里收。 立秋下雨万物收，处暑下雨万物丢。 处暑里的雨，谷仓里的米。 处暑下雨烂谷箩。{[(!!!)]}
有几个英语谚语：It is a long way for lifeRome is not built in a day推荐后者很形象：罗马不是一天建成的，就是说路还很长，任务艰巨很匹配-路漫漫其修远兮也帮你想了两个口语点的：Long way to go~Long path remaining~希望能帮到你~
春雷响，万物长。 春雨贵似油，多下农民愁。 立春三场雨，遍地都米。 春雨漫了垅，麦子豌豆丢了种。 雨洒清明节，麦子豌豆满地结。 麦怕清明连夜雨。 夏雨稻命，春雨麦病。 三月雨，贵似油；四月雨，好动锄。 春天三场雨，秋后不缺米。 清明前后一场雨，豌豆麦子中了举。 有钱难买五月旱，六月连阴吃饱饭。 春得一犁雨，秋收万担粮。 六月下连阴，遍地出黄金。 春雨满街流，收麦累死牛。 黑夜下雨白天晴，打的粮食没处盛。 一阵太阳一阵雨，栽下黄秧吃白米。 伏里无雨，谷里无米；伏里雨多，谷里米多。 三伏要把透雨下，丘丘谷子压弯桠。 伏里一天一暴，坐在家里收稻。 秋禾夜雨强似粪，一场夜雨一场肥。 立了秋，那里下雨那里收。 立秋下雨万物收，处暑下雨万物丢。 处暑里的雨，谷仓里的米。 处暑下雨烂谷箩。
ABSTRACT The development of people's ability totranslate figurative speech was studied, using sentences containing metaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, aspresented in classroom workbooks. One hundred twentychildren from first, third, fifth, and seventh grades wereasked to describe the meaning of each figurative word orphrase placed in context. Responses were scored on a fourpoint scale indicating the extent to which the child used aliteral or figurative translation. Significant effects betweengrade levels and figurative conditions were found, indicatingthat the ability to translate figurative speech proceeds alonga developmental hierarchy of language comprehension. Themajority of third grade children were able to translate metaphors and dual function words into figurative language successfully. The ability to translate proverbs required a levelof comprehension that does not appear in most childrenuntil seventh grade, as suggested by recent review of the psychological literature onmetaphor suggests a strong relationship betweenmetaphor comprehension and Piaget's cognitive stagesof thought development (3). Piagetian theory suggeststhat children from seven to twelve years of age developa broad range of transformational skills that allows themto operate on reality, building a repertoire of symbolsand signs (8). This display of cognitive growth representsan enormous expansion of power and abstraction in thatit frees children from the literal aspects of their percep and Piaget suggest that the capacity for poeticusage and the ability to operate on linguistic elementsmay be the last facet of language to develop (3). Theauthors' experiences in third grade classrooms, whileobserving children's understanding of figurative speechas presented in reading workbooks, revealed a wide rangeof abilities in the children's interpretation of metaphorsand proverbs at the concrete operations period of development. Some children had an immediate grasp of the multiple meanings of terms, while others, regardless of theamount of explanation given, could not override theircognitive ties to the literal suggests that the capacity to understandmetaphoric speech occurs at an age beyond the preschoollevel (5). An early study investigated the development ofchildren's ability to understand dual function words,terms that have a joint reference in language to bothphysical and psychological data (1). For example, suchwords as "cold" and "warm" denote thermal propertiesand can serve a dual function in describing psychologicalaspects of people. The authors suggested that these termsare an elementary instance of metaphorical thinking andinvestigated the order in which children's understandingof dual terms emerged. Results indicated that childrenfrom three to seven are sensitive only to the literal translation, while seven- to eight-year olds demonstrate thebeginning of the ability to use the psychological sense ofthe terms. The ability to state the dual function of theterms was clearly developed in the twelve-year-old group(for example, "hard things and hard people are bothunmanageable").Further work examined the ability of preschool children to make metaphoric links, to perceive relationshipsamong disparate phenomena (6). Children, ages three tonineteen, were asked to indicate their knowledge ofliteral meanings of word pairs and then project them ontosensory domains using metaphoric skills. In contrast toearlier findings, these results indicated that the capacityfor metaphoric association between sensory modalitiesand adjectives was evident in young recent investigation found a developmental trendtoward the comprehension of metaphors, though it concluded that not until the age of ten were children ableto demonstrate metaphoric understanding of dual function words (12).The ability to understand proverbs has been explainedby Piaget as part of the development of cognitive thinking (10). He proposed that children from nine to elevenyears of age use a simple projection of the proverb intosentences by process of immediate fusion. At this level,there is no analysis of detail in comprehending proverbs,but a general fusion of two propositions without analysisof their meanings. Piaget believed that this phenomenonprecedes the development of logical thinking, that theability to translate proverbs does not occur until theformal operations present study examined the relationship amongmetaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, specificallylooking at children's ability to translate classroom materialpresented in context. Context has been cited as an impor
(英语系毕业论文)英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合 摘 要本文从谚语文化角度着手，分析谚语中的文化因素，以及英汉谚语中的文化差异，尝试研究在谚语的英汉翻译过程中发生文化缺失时如何弥合。最终通过意译手段实现英语谚语的可译性，从而顺利完成跨文化交际活动，实现国际间的文化交流与传播。关键词 谚语文化; 文化缺失; 意译; 翻译补偿ContentsAbstract ⅠKeywords Ⅰ摘要 Ⅱ关键词 ⅡIntroduction 1I. The Brief Introducton to Proverb 3II. Proverb Culture Factors in Proverb Different Cultures Between English and Chinese Proverb. Belief Living Conditions. 8III. English Proverb Translation in English to Chinese Translation of English Proverb National Feature Art of Language Compensation 12Conclusion 14Acknowledgements 15Bibliography 16
Research present situation
学术堂提供了十五个好写的英语翻译论文题目，供大家参考：1、谈英语谚语的翻译2、谈英语幽默的翻译3、英语汉译技巧初探4、地方名胜古迹汉译英5、翻译中常见错误分析6、中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响7、会话含义的推导与翻译8、词汇的文化内涵与翻译9、语境在翻译中的作用10、翻译技巧探索11、商标词翻译12、广告语言的翻译13、论英汉互译中的语义等值问题14、英汉文化差异对翻译的影响15、英汉谚语的理解和翻译
提供一些英语专业翻译方向的论文题目，供参考。商务合同英汉互译技巧英文品牌汉译知识对于翻译的重要性中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏跨文化交际与商标翻译中式菜肴的命名与翻译浅谈英语电影片名的翻译英文电影片名的翻译策略英文化妆品广告之美学翻译数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究论语境在英汉翻译中的作用浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则中英服饰广告的翻译论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性论译者的风格与译风经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译
ABSTRACT The development of people's ability totranslate figurative speech was studied, using sentences containing metaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, aspresented in classroom workbooks. One hundred twentychildren from first, third, fifth, and seventh grades wereasked to describe the meaning of each figurative word orphrase placed in context. Responses were scored on a fourpoint scale indicating the extent to which the child used aliteral or figurative translation. Significant effects betweengrade levels and figurative conditions were found, indicatingthat the ability to translate figurative speech proceeds alonga developmental hierarchy of language comprehension. Themajority of third grade children were able to translate metaphors and dual function words into figurative language successfully. The ability to translate proverbs required a levelof comprehension that does not appear in most childrenuntil seventh grade, as suggested by recent review of the psychological literature onmetaphor suggests a strong relationship betweenmetaphor comprehension and Piaget's cognitive stagesof thought development (3). Piagetian theory suggeststhat children from seven to twelve years of age developa broad range of transformational skills that allows themto operate on reality, building a repertoire of symbolsand signs (8). This display of cognitive growth representsan enormous expansion of power and abstraction in thatit frees children from the literal aspects of their percep and Piaget suggest that the capacity for poeticusage and the ability to operate on linguistic elementsmay be the last facet of language to develop (3). Theauthors' experiences in third grade classrooms, whileobserving children's understanding of figurative speechas presented in reading workbooks, revealed a wide rangeof abilities in the children's interpretation of metaphorsand proverbs at the concrete operations period of development. Some children had an immediate grasp of the multiple meanings of terms, while others, regardless of theamount of explanation given, could not override theircognitive ties to the literal suggests that the capacity to understandmetaphoric speech occurs at an age beyond the preschoollevel (5). An early study investigated the development ofchildren's ability to understand dual function words,terms that have a joint reference in language to bothphysical and psychological data (1). For example, suchwords as "cold" and "warm" denote thermal propertiesand can serve a dual function in describing psychologicalaspects of people. The authors suggested that these termsare an elementary instance of metaphorical thinking andinvestigated the order in which children's understandingof dual terms emerged. Results indicated that childrenfrom three to seven are sensitive only to the literal translation, while seven- to eight-year olds demonstrate thebeginning of the ability to use the psychological sense ofthe terms. The ability to state the dual function of theterms was clearly developed in the twelve-year-old group(for example, "hard things and hard people are bothunmanageable").Further work examined the ability of preschool children to make metaphoric links, to perceive relationshipsamong disparate phenomena (6). Children, ages three tonineteen, were asked to indicate their knowledge ofliteral meanings of word pairs and then project them ontosensory domains using metaphoric skills. In contrast toearlier findings, these results indicated that the capacityfor metaphoric association between sensory modalitiesand adjectives was evident in young recent investigation found a developmental trendtoward the comprehension of metaphors, though it concluded that not until the age of ten were children ableto demonstrate metaphoric understanding of dual function words (12).The ability to understand proverbs has been explainedby Piaget as part of the development of cognitive thinking (10). He proposed that children from nine to elevenyears of age use a simple projection of the proverb intosentences by process of immediate fusion. At this level,there is no analysis of detail in comprehending proverbs,but a general fusion of two propositions without analysisof their meanings. Piaget believed that this phenomenonprecedes the development of logical thinking, that theability to translate proverbs does not occur until theformal operations present study examined the relationship amongmetaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, specificallylooking at children's ability to translate classroom materialpresented in context. Context has been cited as an impor
学术堂整理了十五个好写的英语论文题目，供大家进行参考：1. 试论简奥斯汀生活对其小说的影响 (On the Impact of Jane Austen’s Life on Her Novels)2. “真实的诺言”与传统文化的碰撞——简析“真人秀”的实质和本地化过程 (When True Lies Challenge Tradition—An Analysis of the Reality and Localization of Reality TV)3. 从台湾问题看中美关系 (The Sino-US Relation—The Taiwan Issue)4.《傲慢与偏见》的生命力 (The Great Vitality of Pride and Prejudice)5. 平凡中的不平凡——《傲慢与偏见》(Significance in Commonplace—Pride and Prejudice)6. 萨皮尔沃夫理论 (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)7. 论格里高尔的悲剧 (An Analysis of Gregor’s Tragedy)8. 对大学生心理健康问题予更多关注 (More Attention to the Psychological Health of College Students)9. 文体学: 语言学习的科学 (Stylistics: A Scientific Approach)10. 佛教在西方 (Buddhism in the West)11. 非语言交际 (Nonverbal Communication)12. 国际反恐 (International Anti-Terrorism)13. 全球资金市场近期特征与走向 (The Character and Tendency of Global Capital Market in Recent Decades)14. 从《老人与海》中桑堤亚哥的性格可知——人是打不败的 (A Man Cannot Be Defeated—From the Character of Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea)15. 南方的失落 (The Loss of the South)