毕业论文答辩提纲范文模板
难忘的大学生活即将结束，大学生们毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验大学学习成果的形式，毕业论文我们应该怎么写呢？下面是我帮大家整理的毕业论文答辩提纲，希望能够帮助到大家。
论文答辩提纲
一、写作该题目的意义;
二、毕业论文答辩自述的研究现状;
三、你搜集资料的范围;
四、该论题的难点;
五、你的创新之处，或独到见解;
六、对论文所涉及的基本概念、基本理论基本关系要十分明确;
七、该论文的研究方法。
毕业论文答辩流程
自我介绍：自我介绍作为答辩的开场白，包括姓名、学号、专业。介绍时要举止大方、态度从容、面带微笑，礼貌得体的介绍自己，争取给答辩小组一个良好的印象。好的开端就意味着成功了一半。
答辩人陈述：收到成效的自我介绍只是这场答辩的开始，接下来的自我陈述才进入正轨。自述的主要内容包括论文标题;课题背景、选择此课题的原因及课题现阶段的发展情况;有关课题的具体内容，其中包括答辩人所持的观点看法、研究过程、实验数据、结果;答辩人在此课题中的研究模块、承担的具体工作、解决方案、研究结果。文章的创新部分;结论、价值和展望;自我评价。
提问与答辩：答辩教师的提问安排在答辩人自述之后，是答辩中相对灵活的环节，有问有答，是一个相互交流的过程。一般为3个问题，采用由浅入深的顺序提问，采取答辩人当场作答的方式。
总结：上述程序一一完毕，代表答辩也即将结束。答辩人最后纵观答辩全过程，做总结陈述，包括两方面的总结：毕业设计和论文写作的体会;参加答辩的收获。答辩教师也会对答辩人的表现做出点评：成绩、不足、建议。
致谢：感谢在毕业设计论文方面给予帮助的人们并且要礼貌地感谢答辩教师。
第 1 章 绪论
选题背景及研究目的
选题背景
研究目的
研究意义
理论意义
现实意义
国内外研究现状综述
国外研究现状
国内研究现状
研究内容、方法及主要创新点
研究内容
研究方法
主要创新点
第 2 章 低碳经济视角下环境会计体系相关理论
可持续循环发展理论
可持续循环发展理论界定
可持续循环发展的原则
低碳经济理论
低碳经济的界定
低碳经济的特征
环境会计理论
环境会计的概念
环境会计的必要性
企业社会责任理论
企业社会责任理论界定
企业社会责任的分类
环境会计体系相关理论关系
第 3 章 低碳经济视角下环境会计框架体系
低碳经济视角下环境会计的确认
环境会计的基本假设
环境会计确认的对象
环境会计确认的条件
低碳经济视角下环境会计的计量
环境会计计量的模式
环境会计计量的方法
低碳经济视角下环境会计的记录
环境会计要素
环境会计核算的账户设置
低碳经济视角下环境会计的报告
环境会计信息披露的动因分析
环境会计信息披露的模式
第 4 章 低碳经济视角下环境会计面临的问题
企业缺乏环境会计理念
尚未出台环境会计法规准则体系
环境会计核算体系不完善
企业环境会计信息监管与披露弊端
环境会计人才缺失
第 5 章 低碳经济视角下保障环境会计的对策
增强低碳经济与环境会计理论指导与环保意识
尽快出台环境会计法律法规制度
借鉴成熟的环境会计核算体系
完善环境会计信息披露与监管机制
积极培养高素质环境会计人员
第 6 章 结论及研究展望
结论
研究展望
本文结论
环境问题越来越成为世界性的重点和热点问题，加快研究低碳经济视角下的环境会计显得尤为重要。环境会计在我国起步较晚，国内研究观点也不统一，阻碍了环境会计理论和实务的发展。随着我国可持续发展观、低碳经济观、和谐社会和中国梦等理念的提出，环境会计体系的构建越发迫切2017会计毕业论文提纲2017会计毕业论文提纲。文章通过对低碳经济视角下的环境会计进行研究主要得出以下结论：
(1)环境会计的研究和发展应该以可持续循环发展理论、低碳经济理论和企业社会责任理论作为理论指导。构建低碳经济视角下的环境会计体系是实现经济社会可持续循环发展的重要途径，是企业履行社会责任的重要体现。
(2)实现低碳经济和可持续循环发展，需要加快构建和完善科学严密的环境会计体系，解决环境会计的确认、计量、记录和报告等问题。环境会计体系的完善程度直接关系到企业低碳经济的可持续发展目标的实现，需要强化统一环境会计要素观点，建立多元化的环境会计计量方法，依据企业实际情况科学设置环境会计账户，记录环境会计活动，强化环境会计信息披露
(3)当前我国环境会计体系尚不完善，研究不够深入，对低碳经济视角下的环境会计研究仍停留于基本理论层面，实际操作性不强。实现低碳经济和可持续发展应该根据当前实际情况，坚持成本效益原则，逐步探索普遍适用的环境会计体系2017会计毕业论文提纲论文。企业环境会计信息披露应该从“企业环境社会责任报告”向“改良的环境会计报告”过渡，最后向“独立的环境信息报告”发展。
(4)当前我国环境会计存在很多问题，有效地解决这些问题需要多方共同努力。国家有关部门应该尽快出台环境会计法律法规制度，努力借鉴发达国家经验构筑具有中国特色的环境会计核算体系，完善环境会计信息监管与披露制度;企业需要坚持低碳经济与环境会计理论的指导，树立环保意识，大力培养高素养环境会计人员，为环境会计的发展提供人才支撑。
编写提纲的步骤
编写提纲的步骤可以是这样：
(一)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。
(二)原稿纸页数的分配
写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的.长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。
(三)编写提纲
论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样：
一、序论
1.提出中心论题;
2.说明写作意图。
二、本论
(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件
1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境;
2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求;
3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证;
4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。
(二)目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状
1.供大于求的买方市场;
2.有市无场的隐形市场;
3.易进难出的畸形市场;
4.交易无序的自发市场。
(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策
1.统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控;
2.加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易;
3.健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易;
4.调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动;
5.深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。
三、结论
1，概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务;
2.呼应开头的序言。
上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点，选择哪一种，要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大;但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之，在动手撰写毕业’论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。
四、毕业论文提纲的拟定
如何落笔拟定毕业论文提纲呢?首先要把握拟定毕业论文提纲的原则，为此要掌握如下四个方面：
(一)要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折，我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定，没有论述通过深化改革，转换企业经营机制，提高了企业经济效益，职工收入增加，最终达到社会稳定。
(二)从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵，舍不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多麽好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。
(三)要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆，论点不明确;有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的
毕业论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的毕业论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。
下面再简单阐述一下编写毕业论文提纲的方法：
1.先拟标题;
2.写出总论点;
3.考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架;
4.大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句(即段旨);
5.依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用;
6.全面检查，作必要的增删。
在编写毕业论文提纲时还要注意：
第一，编写毕业论文提纲有两种方法：一是标题式写法。即用简要的文字写成标题，把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要，一目了然，但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写.二是句子式写法。即以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确，别人看了也能明了，但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读，所以，要求采用这种编写方法。
第二，提纲写好后，还有一项很重要的工作不可疏忽，这就是提纲的推敲和修改，这种推敲和修改要把握如下几点。一是推敲题目是否恰当，是否合适;二是推敲提纲的结构。先围绕所要阐述的中心论点或者说明的主要议题，检查划分的部分、层次和段落是否可以充分说明问题，是否合乎道理;各层次、段落之间的联系是否紧密，过渡是否自然。然后再进行客观总体布局的检查，再对每一层次中的论述秩序进行“微调”。
1、引言
引言是进入正文的一个不用手段，是进入答辩高潮环节的有益铺垫，所以书写引言时要投入一定精力，使引言能够引起答辩教师的注意，创造轻松的答辩氛围。
引言要做到引人入胜，如果能够采取听众感兴趣的话题作为切入点，可谓事半功倍、一举多得。其一，可以让答辩教师将精力集中在你的论文之上;其二，可以缓解紧张而又严肃的气氛;其三，就是答辩教师听过很多学生的答辩之后已经十分疲倦，用这种轻松的手法开场，听众的精神状态也会自然的恢复;其四，这还是一种先声夺人的方法，容易让人印象深刻。
特别要注意这种方式要适度，话题的范围要严格围绕论文的内容展开，切不可偏离中心，离题万里。时间的长短也要注意，它的作用仅是引入正题，一般控制在1～2分钟以内，然后迅速展开论文核心内容。
在这短短的时间里，都要涉及哪些内容呢?首先是礼貌的自我介绍，这是个人素养的基本体现，印象分很重要;其次是紧扣论文的趣味性材料;最后指明毕业设计课题及自述论文的安排和步骤。
2、正文
正文内容分为两部分，一部分是依据论文的主要内容编写，另一部分是专为答辩而准备的某些资料。下面详细介绍这两部分内容：
首先整理论文的主要内容，对下列论文内容浓缩，提取关键信息。
(1)标题、摘要、关键词
这三个部分在论文中已经十分精炼，特别是摘要字数虽然少，但是能够说明论文的核心内容。
(2)目录
论文各章节的目录处处体现着论文的层次和结构。它能够帮助我们理清思路，抓住论文的梗概，便于查找。目录各层次的标题之间也暗示了其内容之间的相互联系。
(3)前言
论文的前言一般包括写作此论文的目的和主要原因、本课题现阶段的发展情况、课题的有关背景和发展历史、研究范围和工作方法、理论原理、预期结果、工作计划。
(4)论文正文
论文正文是论文的核心和主体部分，但是它篇幅最长，不适合在答辩提纲中使用。可以摘录正文中的重要观点和内容列入答辩提纲，帮助学生在答辩时对选题进行重点讲解。
(5)结尾
首先，结论。通过科学的理论推导和分析，反复的实验论证，实验数据的总结、概括、归纳，得出最终结论。结论应该完整准确、简明扼要、不偏激、不片面。
3、致谢
在毕业设计和撰写论文的过程中，必定有很多人的帮助和支持，在论文的最后都会对帮助自己的师长、工作伙伴以及协作单位致谢。
4、答辩材料收集
要准备专门为答辩而收集的资料，也要将核心内容和索引写在提纲中，其他具体资料可以在答辩中携带。主要包括与该课题联系的背景资料和文献，适当扩大到本领域范围之内;该课题的现有研究程度、发展方向、发展前景的有关资料。
必过论文】毕业论文答辩ppt模板.rar免费下载
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幻灯片模板即已定义的幻灯片格式。PowerPoint和Word、Excel等应用软件一样，都是Microsoft公司推出的Office系列产品之一，主要用于设计制作广告宣传、产品演示的电子版幻灯片，制作的演示文稿可以通过计算机屏幕或者投影机播放；利用PowerPoint，不但可以创建演示文稿，还可以在互联网上召开面对面会议、远程会议或在Web上给观众展示演示文稿。随着办公自动化的普及，PowerPoint的应用越来越广。
英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017
英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板，欢迎阅读!
一、目的和意义
英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。
二、选题原则
毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发，结合学科发展的动态和研究现状，尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间，从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面，有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。
毕业论文属于研究性论文，讲求一定的学术性，但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文，因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内，在教师指导下完成所要求的工作，选题应遵循如下基本原则：
1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格，须体现专业训练的基本内容，须与所学的专业知识相衔接。
2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。
3、选题的类型应多种多样，力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能，有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。
4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求，内容既要有探索、钻研的余地，又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内，以保证教学任务的完成。
三、类型及基本要求
英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求：
1、语言及语言学研究类论文
就本科毕业论文而言，纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上，还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度，不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等)，语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等)，语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等)，两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，做出有参考或应用价值的结论。
2、文学评论类论文
此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象，尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上，通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行，如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的，也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法，都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想，要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场，进行具有一定新意的'探讨。
3、翻译研究类论文
此类论文可以是纯理论的研究，或具体翻译技巧的研究，或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究，也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究，另加对作品本身的评述，对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。
4、语言教学研究类论文
此类研究属交叉学科的研究，涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等，是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究)，教学方法与技巧研究，课堂教学管理策略研究，学生个体差异研究，影响教学效果的外部条件研究，教育技术的使用与开发研究，教材的分析与评估研究，测试与评估研究，素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题，还是方法，或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值，突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。
5、经贸方向研究类论文
此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究，可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程，运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，作出有参考或应用价值的结论。
四、任务及深度要求
毕业论文的主要内容包括：选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等，其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关，工作量饱满，满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写，具有一定的创新性和应用性，正文篇幅在5，000词以上，参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面，并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。
五、考核办法
毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成：
1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现，论文观点的新颖性，论文结构的合理性，论文论证的逻辑性，英语表达的正确性和地道性，以及学生的工作态度，指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性，论文论据的充分性，论文的创见与突破性，论文的结构、文字表达情况，评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。
3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍，毕业论文的质量，答辩中回答问题的正确程度，英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性，答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
六、毕业论文时间分配
序号 内 容 时间(周)
1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4
2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5
3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2
4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2
5 毕业论文答辩 1
合 计 14
七、其它说明
外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”，即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格，学生无权获得学士学位。
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
common historical background……………………………………1
international………………………………………………………1
national…………………………………………………………1
common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
beats in literature………………………………………………2
rockers in music circles………………………………………3
ideologies in between……………………………………………4
beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
their same destiny……………………………………………4
beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
bohemian…………………………………………………………7
beats…………………………………………………………7
rockers………………………………………………………7
madness…………………………………………………………8
the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,
and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven
to madness……………………………………………………8
rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on
rock circus spot………………………………………………9
self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
drugs…………………………………………………………9
homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
Why should we write the thesis?
To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so
What do we need when we write a thesis?
Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
Secondly, the way of writing is also important.
A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
Wording: we prefer big word to small one;
Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.
How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?
Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:
2. Choose a title/Title a paper;
3. Collect materials for reference in writing;
4. Analyze the collected materials;
5. Sort out the data and arguments;
6. List references;
7. Make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. Proofread;
10. The last version.
What subjects may we choose to write?
English and American Literature
The Practice and Theory of Translation
English Language
English Linguistics
English Grammar
English Phonetics
English Lexicology
English Rhetoric
Language and Culture
ELT Methodology
Teaching English in Middle School
English Teaching Research and Survey
The History of… (All mentioned above)
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 ！
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
Significance of the study 29-30
Organization of the study 30-31
A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
Defining coherence 32-33
T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
Training in T/TP 47-49
Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
Theme and thematic progression 55-70
Theme 56-62
Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
The participants and the educational context 70-73
Background of the participants and the participating school 70
The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
The sample sizes 71-72
The pilot study 72-73
The interventional procedures 73-74
The questionnaire 74-75
The training 75-80
Considerations behind the training 75-76
The training material 76-79
The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
Data analysis 80-86
Analysis of the writing 80-86
Analysis of the questionnaire 86
Ethical considerations 86-88
Informed consent 86-87
Anonymity 87
Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
Interpersonal Themes 100-102
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
Interpersonal Themes 126-129
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
Interpersonal Themes 145-147
Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
Findings from closed questions 155-160
EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
Findings from open questions 160-164
The changes that occurred 161-162
The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
Implications 190-194
Pedagogical implication 190-193
Methodological implication 193-194
Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
Summary 195-197
Putting everything together 197-199
Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
Motivation of the present study 7-8
Significance of this study 8
Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
Language production 10-14
L1 Production 10-11
L2 Production 11-12
Dimensions of language production 12-14
Theories on oral output 14-15
Skehan’s dual-model system 14
Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
Task Repetition 15-17
Task 15-16
Task repetition 16-17
Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
Research justification and questions 19
Hypothesis 19-20
Methods 20-25
Participants 20-21
Material 21
Research design 21-23
Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
Results and Analysis 25-34
Quantitative analysis 25-27
Qualitative analysis 27-34
Discussion 34-41
Fluency 34-36
Complexity 36-38
Accuracy 38-39
interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
Conclusion and implication 41-43
Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Research Background
Significance of the Study
Research Goals and Questions
Data Collection and Methodology
Analysis Procedures
Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction to Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
Studies on Personal Statements
Introduction to Personal Statement
Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
An Overview of Attitude System
Affect Resources
Judgment Resources
Social Esteem
Social Sanction
Appreciation Resources
Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017
英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板，欢迎阅读!
一、目的和意义
英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。
二、选题原则
毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发，结合学科发展的动态和研究现状，尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间，从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面，有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。
毕业论文属于研究性论文，讲求一定的学术性，但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文，因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内，在教师指导下完成所要求的工作，选题应遵循如下基本原则：
1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格，须体现专业训练的基本内容，须与所学的专业知识相衔接。
2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。
3、选题的类型应多种多样，力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能，有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。
4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求，内容既要有探索、钻研的余地，又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内，以保证教学任务的完成。
三、类型及基本要求
英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求：
1、语言及语言学研究类论文
就本科毕业论文而言，纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上，还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度，不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等)，语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等)，语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等)，两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，做出有参考或应用价值的结论。
2、文学评论类论文
此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象，尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上，通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行，如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的，也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法，都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想，要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场，进行具有一定新意的'探讨。
3、翻译研究类论文
此类论文可以是纯理论的研究，或具体翻译技巧的研究，或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究，也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究，另加对作品本身的评述，对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。
4、语言教学研究类论文
此类研究属交叉学科的研究，涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等，是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究)，教学方法与技巧研究，课堂教学管理策略研究，学生个体差异研究，影响教学效果的外部条件研究，教育技术的使用与开发研究，教材的分析与评估研究，测试与评估研究，素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题，还是方法，或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值，突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。
5、经贸方向研究类论文
此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究，可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程，运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，作出有参考或应用价值的结论。
四、任务及深度要求
毕业论文的主要内容包括：选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等，其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关，工作量饱满，满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写，具有一定的创新性和应用性，正文篇幅在5，000词以上，参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面，并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。
五、考核办法
毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成：
1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现，论文观点的新颖性，论文结构的合理性，论文论证的逻辑性，英语表达的正确性和地道性，以及学生的工作态度，指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性，论文论据的充分性，论文的创见与突破性，论文的结构、文字表达情况，评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。
3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍，毕业论文的质量，答辩中回答问题的正确程度，英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性，答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
六、毕业论文时间分配
序号 内 容 时间(周)
1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4
2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5
3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2
4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2
5 毕业论文答辩 1
合 计 14
七、其它说明
外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”，即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格，学生无权获得学士学位。
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
common historical background……………………………………1
international………………………………………………………1
national…………………………………………………………1
common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
beats in literature………………………………………………2
rockers in music circles………………………………………3
ideologies in between……………………………………………4
beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
their same destiny……………………………………………4
beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
bohemian…………………………………………………………7
beats…………………………………………………………7
rockers………………………………………………………7
madness…………………………………………………………8
the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,
and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven
to madness……………………………………………………8
rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on
rock circus spot………………………………………………9
self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
drugs…………………………………………………………9
homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
Why should we write the thesis?
To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so
What do we need when we write a thesis?
Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
Secondly, the way of writing is also important.
A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
Wording: we prefer big word to small one;
Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.
How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?
Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:
2. Choose a title/Title a paper;
3. Collect materials for reference in writing;
4. Analyze the collected materials;
5. Sort out the data and arguments;
6. List references;
7. Make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. Proofread;
10. The last version.
What subjects may we choose to write?
English and American Literature
The Practice and Theory of Translation
English Language
English Linguistics
English Grammar
English Phonetics
English Lexicology
English Rhetoric
Language and Culture
ELT Methodology
Teaching English in Middle School
English Teaching Research and Survey
The History of… (All mentioned above)
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
论文答辩ppt提纲
写作论文提纲时要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。
第一章 绪论
第一节 研究背景与研究意义
一、研究背景
二、研究意义
第二节论文的研究思路和框架
一、研究思路
二、文章框架
第三节 研究方法和概念界定
一、研究方法
二、概念界定
第四节 可能的创新点和不足
一、可能的创新点
二、存在的不足
第二章 国内外研究文献综述
第一节 就业结构演变研究
一、国外研究现状
二、国内研究现状
第二节 就业结构与城镇化关系研究
一、国外相关研究
二、国内相关研究
第三章 就业结构调整和城镇化的关联机制分析
第一节 就业结构与城镇化演化规律
一、就业结构演变规律
二、城镇化演变规律
第二节 就业结构调整对城镇化的影响机制分析
一、产业结构通过就业结构影响城镇化发展
二、技术进步通过就业结构影响城镇化
第三节 城镇化对就业结构的影响机制分析
一、通过城镇完善的社保制度优化就业
二、通过城镇居民人口素质的提高影响就业
三、通过产业结构促进就业结构调整
第四章 长三角地区就业结构和人口城镇化的时空演化
第一节长三角地区就业结构演化
一、就业结构时间变化
二、就业结构的空间演变
第二节 长三角地区人口城镇化时空演变
一、人口城镇化时间变化
二、人口城镇化空间分异
第三节 就业结构偏差对人口城镇化的影响分析
一、就业结构偏差
二、就业结构偏差对人口城镇化的影响分析
第五章 长三角就业结构调整与人口城镇化相互关系的实证分析
第一节 就业结构与人口城镇化格兰杰因果检验
一、数据说明
二、研究方法与数据处理
三、研究结论
第二节 就业结构影响人口城镇化的中介作用分析
一、中介作用及其检验方法
二、就业结构的中介作用分析
第六章 就业结构调整对人口城镇化影响的计量经济学分析
第一节 就业结构调整对人口城镇化影响的面板回归分析
一、研究方法
二、理论模型、选用指标和数据说明
三、实证结果分析
第二节 就业结构调整对人口城镇化影响的空间回归分析
一、理论基础及模型选择
二、实证分析
第七章 主要结论及启示
第一节主要结论
第二节 启示
本文结论
通过就业结构与城镇化的关联机制分析，发现就业结构与城镇化之间存在相互影响。对长三角地区第五次人口普查以来就业结构与人口城镇化发展的时间变动趋势进行描述，发现：⑴产业就业结构时间变化较大，一产就业比大幅下降，二三产业就业比普遍上升;⑵产业就业结构空间分异特征明显，存在多极分化现象，长三角地区存在西北部高一产就业比低二三产业就业比和东南部一产低就业比、二产高就业比的集聚特征。⑶人口城镇化空间分异特征较显着，两极分化较明显，长三角地区西北部低人口城镇化和东部高人口城镇化的集聚特征较显着，且人口城镇化的空间分布特征与二三产业就业结构呈正相关关系，与第一产业就业呈负相关关系。
利用长三角地区各地市的具体数据，研究就业结构和人口城镇化的关系。偏差分析把长三角地区三省一市的42个地市的人口城镇化与就业结构关系分为四个等级，强调城镇化发展滞后于就业结构调整。因果检验显示非农产业就业结构与人口城镇化发展之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系。中介作用分析证实就业结构是影响人口城镇化的'一个中介变量。
面板估计结果显示，第一产业就业结构与人口城镇化发展呈负相关关系，第一产业就业不利于人口城镇化的发展;二三产业就业结构与人口城镇化发展呈正相关关系，二三产业是城镇经济发展的重要力量。同时也证实第三产业中的服务业就业对人口城镇化发展也具有一个正向的促进作用，其中生产性服务业就业的作用最大，其次是生活性服务业，但生活性服务业的作用力度不是很强。当城市规模为中等城市时，第二产业就业对人口城镇化具有显着正影响，城市规模为大城市、特大城市时，第二产业就业对人口城镇化的IH向影响作用不明显。
SLM模型估计结果进一步证实三次产业就业结构变化显着影响人口城镇化发展，城镇化率与二三产业就业存在明显的正相关关系，二三产业就业结构变化对人口城镇化发展起促进带动作用。生产性服务业就业对人口城镇化发展具有正向的影响作用，生产性服务业就业每增加1%,人口城镇化水平提高约个百分点。
毕业论文答辩提纲范文模板
难忘的大学生活即将结束，大学生们毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验大学学习成果的形式，毕业论文我们应该怎么写呢？下面是我帮大家整理的毕业论文答辩提纲，希望能够帮助到大家。
论文答辩提纲
一、写作该题目的意义;
二、毕业论文答辩自述的研究现状;
三、你搜集资料的范围;
四、该论题的难点;
五、你的创新之处，或独到见解;
六、对论文所涉及的基本概念、基本理论基本关系要十分明确;
七、该论文的研究方法。
毕业论文答辩流程
自我介绍：自我介绍作为答辩的开场白，包括姓名、学号、专业。介绍时要举止大方、态度从容、面带微笑，礼貌得体的介绍自己，争取给答辩小组一个良好的印象。好的开端就意味着成功了一半。
答辩人陈述：收到成效的自我介绍只是这场答辩的开始，接下来的自我陈述才进入正轨。自述的主要内容包括论文标题;课题背景、选择此课题的原因及课题现阶段的发展情况;有关课题的具体内容，其中包括答辩人所持的观点看法、研究过程、实验数据、结果;答辩人在此课题中的研究模块、承担的具体工作、解决方案、研究结果。文章的创新部分;结论、价值和展望;自我评价。
提问与答辩：答辩教师的提问安排在答辩人自述之后，是答辩中相对灵活的环节，有问有答，是一个相互交流的过程。一般为3个问题，采用由浅入深的顺序提问，采取答辩人当场作答的方式。
总结：上述程序一一完毕，代表答辩也即将结束。答辩人最后纵观答辩全过程，做总结陈述，包括两方面的总结：毕业设计和论文写作的体会;参加答辩的收获。答辩教师也会对答辩人的表现做出点评：成绩、不足、建议。
致谢：感谢在毕业设计论文方面给予帮助的人们并且要礼貌地感谢答辩教师。
第 1 章 绪论
选题背景及研究目的
选题背景
研究目的
研究意义
理论意义
现实意义
国内外研究现状综述
国外研究现状
国内研究现状
研究内容、方法及主要创新点
研究内容
研究方法
主要创新点
第 2 章 低碳经济视角下环境会计体系相关理论
可持续循环发展理论
可持续循环发展理论界定
可持续循环发展的原则
低碳经济理论
低碳经济的界定
低碳经济的特征
环境会计理论
环境会计的概念
环境会计的必要性
企业社会责任理论
企业社会责任理论界定
企业社会责任的分类
环境会计体系相关理论关系
第 3 章 低碳经济视角下环境会计框架体系
低碳经济视角下环境会计的确认
环境会计的基本假设
环境会计确认的对象
环境会计确认的条件
低碳经济视角下环境会计的计量
环境会计计量的模式
环境会计计量的方法
低碳经济视角下环境会计的记录
环境会计要素
环境会计核算的账户设置
低碳经济视角下环境会计的报告
环境会计信息披露的动因分析
环境会计信息披露的模式
第 4 章 低碳经济视角下环境会计面临的问题
企业缺乏环境会计理念
尚未出台环境会计法规准则体系
环境会计核算体系不完善
企业环境会计信息监管与披露弊端
环境会计人才缺失
第 5 章 低碳经济视角下保障环境会计的对策
增强低碳经济与环境会计理论指导与环保意识
尽快出台环境会计法律法规制度
借鉴成熟的环境会计核算体系
完善环境会计信息披露与监管机制
积极培养高素质环境会计人员
第 6 章 结论及研究展望
结论
研究展望
本文结论
环境问题越来越成为世界性的重点和热点问题，加快研究低碳经济视角下的环境会计显得尤为重要。环境会计在我国起步较晚，国内研究观点也不统一，阻碍了环境会计理论和实务的发展。随着我国可持续发展观、低碳经济观、和谐社会和中国梦等理念的提出，环境会计体系的构建越发迫切2017会计毕业论文提纲2017会计毕业论文提纲。文章通过对低碳经济视角下的环境会计进行研究主要得出以下结论：
(1)环境会计的研究和发展应该以可持续循环发展理论、低碳经济理论和企业社会责任理论作为理论指导。构建低碳经济视角下的环境会计体系是实现经济社会可持续循环发展的重要途径，是企业履行社会责任的重要体现。
(2)实现低碳经济和可持续循环发展，需要加快构建和完善科学严密的环境会计体系，解决环境会计的确认、计量、记录和报告等问题。环境会计体系的完善程度直接关系到企业低碳经济的可持续发展目标的实现，需要强化统一环境会计要素观点，建立多元化的环境会计计量方法，依据企业实际情况科学设置环境会计账户，记录环境会计活动，强化环境会计信息披露
(3)当前我国环境会计体系尚不完善，研究不够深入，对低碳经济视角下的环境会计研究仍停留于基本理论层面，实际操作性不强。实现低碳经济和可持续发展应该根据当前实际情况，坚持成本效益原则，逐步探索普遍适用的环境会计体系2017会计毕业论文提纲论文。企业环境会计信息披露应该从“企业环境社会责任报告”向“改良的环境会计报告”过渡，最后向“独立的环境信息报告”发展。
(4)当前我国环境会计存在很多问题，有效地解决这些问题需要多方共同努力。国家有关部门应该尽快出台环境会计法律法规制度，努力借鉴发达国家经验构筑具有中国特色的环境会计核算体系，完善环境会计信息监管与披露制度;企业需要坚持低碳经济与环境会计理论的指导，树立环保意识，大力培养高素养环境会计人员，为环境会计的发展提供人才支撑。
编写提纲的步骤
编写提纲的步骤可以是这样：
(一)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。
(二)原稿纸页数的分配
写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的.长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。
(三)编写提纲
论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样：
一、序论
1.提出中心论题;
2.说明写作意图。
二、本论
(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件
1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境;
2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求;
3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证;
4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。
(二)目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状
1.供大于求的买方市场;
2.有市无场的隐形市场;
3.易进难出的畸形市场;
4.交易无序的自发市场。
(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策
1.统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控;
2.加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易;
3.健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易;
4.调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动;
5.深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。
三、结论
1，概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务;
2.呼应开头的序言。
上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点，选择哪一种，要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大;但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之，在动手撰写毕业’论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。
四、毕业论文提纲的拟定
如何落笔拟定毕业论文提纲呢?首先要把握拟定毕业论文提纲的原则，为此要掌握如下四个方面：
(一)要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折，我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定，没有论述通过深化改革，转换企业经营机制，提高了企业经济效益，职工收入增加，最终达到社会稳定。
(二)从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵，舍不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多麽好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。
(三)要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆，论点不明确;有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的
毕业论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的毕业论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。
下面再简单阐述一下编写毕业论文提纲的方法：
1.先拟标题;
2.写出总论点;
3.考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架;
4.大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句(即段旨);
5.依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用;
6.全面检查，作必要的增删。
在编写毕业论文提纲时还要注意：
第一，编写毕业论文提纲有两种方法：一是标题式写法。即用简要的文字写成标题，把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要，一目了然，但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写.二是句子式写法。即以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确，别人看了也能明了，但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读，所以，要求采用这种编写方法。
第二，提纲写好后，还有一项很重要的工作不可疏忽，这就是提纲的推敲和修改，这种推敲和修改要把握如下几点。一是推敲题目是否恰当，是否合适;二是推敲提纲的结构。先围绕所要阐述的中心论点或者说明的主要议题，检查划分的部分、层次和段落是否可以充分说明问题，是否合乎道理;各层次、段落之间的联系是否紧密，过渡是否自然。然后再进行客观总体布局的检查，再对每一层次中的论述秩序进行“微调”。
1、引言
引言是进入正文的一个不用手段，是进入答辩高潮环节的有益铺垫，所以书写引言时要投入一定精力，使引言能够引起答辩教师的注意，创造轻松的答辩氛围。
引言要做到引人入胜，如果能够采取听众感兴趣的话题作为切入点，可谓事半功倍、一举多得。其一，可以让答辩教师将精力集中在你的论文之上;其二，可以缓解紧张而又严肃的气氛;其三，就是答辩教师听过很多学生的答辩之后已经十分疲倦，用这种轻松的手法开场，听众的精神状态也会自然的恢复;其四，这还是一种先声夺人的方法，容易让人印象深刻。
特别要注意这种方式要适度，话题的范围要严格围绕论文的内容展开，切不可偏离中心，离题万里。时间的长短也要注意，它的作用仅是引入正题，一般控制在1～2分钟以内，然后迅速展开论文核心内容。
在这短短的时间里，都要涉及哪些内容呢?首先是礼貌的自我介绍，这是个人素养的基本体现，印象分很重要;其次是紧扣论文的趣味性材料;最后指明毕业设计课题及自述论文的安排和步骤。
2、正文
正文内容分为两部分，一部分是依据论文的主要内容编写，另一部分是专为答辩而准备的某些资料。下面详细介绍这两部分内容：
首先整理论文的主要内容，对下列论文内容浓缩，提取关键信息。
(1)标题、摘要、关键词
这三个部分在论文中已经十分精炼，特别是摘要字数虽然少，但是能够说明论文的核心内容。
(2)目录
论文各章节的目录处处体现着论文的层次和结构。它能够帮助我们理清思路，抓住论文的梗概，便于查找。目录各层次的标题之间也暗示了其内容之间的相互联系。
(3)前言
论文的前言一般包括写作此论文的目的和主要原因、本课题现阶段的发展情况、课题的有关背景和发展历史、研究范围和工作方法、理论原理、预期结果、工作计划。
(4)论文正文
论文正文是论文的核心和主体部分，但是它篇幅最长，不适合在答辩提纲中使用。可以摘录正文中的重要观点和内容列入答辩提纲，帮助学生在答辩时对选题进行重点讲解。
(5)结尾
首先，结论。通过科学的理论推导和分析，反复的实验论证，实验数据的总结、概括、归纳，得出最终结论。结论应该完整准确、简明扼要、不偏激、不片面。
3、致谢
在毕业设计和撰写论文的过程中，必定有很多人的帮助和支持，在论文的最后都会对帮助自己的师长、工作伙伴以及协作单位致谢。
4、答辩材料收集
要准备专门为答辩而收集的资料，也要将核心内容和索引写在提纲中，其他具体资料可以在答辩中携带。主要包括与该课题联系的背景资料和文献，适当扩大到本领域范围之内;该课题的现有研究程度、发展方向、发展前景的有关资料。
日语毕业论文提纲范文 中国茶文化与日本茶道的联系中国茶文化と日本茶道のつながり 学生姓名 摘 要(也可以用日文要旨) 茶道自中国传入日本，与日本的传统文化相互融合从而具有了日本民族独有的气质和韵味。它与日本的宗教、艺术、社会、哲学、美术、伦理、礼仪溶为一体，从而行成了一门综合性的`文化，在日本文化中占据着十分重要的地位。 对于茶道的研究一直是日本文化研究的一个重要领域。对于茶道的研究离不开对对东方文化的研究，茶道是世界东方两个民族文化融合的结晶，具有东方文化的特质。本文旨在研究中日茶文化交流的过程，茶道的变迁以及它在现实生活中的意义。在前人研究的基础上通过对茶的起源以及茶道的发展;儒教、道教、佛教对茶道的影响;中国历代对日本茶道的影响。 关键词：茶道，传统，和静清寂，禅，文化 章节设计 1. はじめに 问题提起と茶文化の定 义 研究の目的と意 义 2. 先行研究と研究方法. 先行研究 研究方法と资料 収 集 3. 茶の起源と茶文化の 発 展 茶の起源 茶文化の 発 展 4. 日本の茶道 宋代 闘 茶の输入と茶道の普及 唐物と书院茶 寂茶と村田珠光 千利休と茶道大成 5. 儒教、道教、 仏 教と茶道 道教と茶道 儒教と茶道 仏 教(禅)と茶道 6. おわりに 各章节拟论述内容(至少要有各章的内容，如果能详细到各节的内容更好) 1. はじめに ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 2. 先行研究と研究方法 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 3. 茶の起源と茶文化の 発 展 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 4. 日本の茶道 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 5. 儒教、道教、 仏 教と茶道 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 6. おわりに ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 参考文献 [1]周文棠.2003.茶道[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社 [2]丁文.1998.中国茶道[M].西安: 陕西旅游出版社 [3]千宗室.1992.[茶经]与日本茶道的历史意义[M].天津:南开大学出版社 [4]靳飞.2004.茶禅一味[M].日本的茶道文化.天津:百花文艺出版社 [5]高旭晖·刘桂华.2003.茶文化学概论[M].合肥:安徽美术出版社 [6]王从仁.2001.中国茶文化[M].上海:上海古籍出版社 [7]陈珲·吕国利.2000.中华茶文化寻踪[M].北京:中国城市出版社 [8]黄志根.2000.中华茶文化[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社 [9]郭孟良.2003.中国茶史[M].太原:山西古籍出版社 [10]王国安、要英.2000.茶与中国文化[M].上海:汉语大词典出版社 [11]董尚胜·王建荣.2003.茶史[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社 [12](唐) 陆羽·(清) 陆廷灿.2003.茶经续茶经陆羽[M].北京:中国工人出版社 [13]殷伟.2001.中国茶史演义[M].昆明:云南人民出版社 [14]鲁迅.1933.准风月谈[C].北京：人民文学出版社 [15]谷川 彻 三.1977.茶の美学[M].淡交社 [16]熊 仓 功夫.1981.茶の汤の礼仪と芸能[M].淡交社. [17]久松真一.1984.茶道の哲学[M].思想社. [18]久松真一.1984.日本文化的使命と茶道[M].思想社 [19] 仓 沢 行洋.1990.芸术の哲学[M].东方出版社 [20] 仓 沢 行洋.1988.一期一会覚书[M].灯影社 [21]桑田忠亲.1994.古田 织 部の茶道[M].淡交社 [22]千宗室.1983.『茶 経 』と我が国茶道の歴史的意 义 [M].淡交社. [23]吉村亨.1984.日本の茶[M].淡交社 [24]川胜平太.1987.茶の文化と文明.东京.小学馆 [25]守屋毅.1981.茶の文化その综合的研究第一部.淡交社 [26] 仓 泽 .1992.日本茶道文化概论. 淡交社 ;
一、选题的意义及价值在这部分中，学生需结合相关领域的研究背景及现状，点出选择该论题的依据，参照其社会价值，科学价值进行分析，说明为什么选择这个题目，其意义和价值是什么。二、论文研究的主要方法及内容论文的研究方法和内容通常作为答辩过程中的主体，学生在这部分中需表明自己是如何对研究内容进行展开的，采用了怎样的研究方式，其主要的研究内容是什么，具体流程，以及最好发现的规律、得出的结论等等。三、论文的创新点依据与之前现有的研究理论，此次研究所具备的创新点在哪里，其创新点中提出了什么样的新理论，或者推翻了之前理论框架的部分，创新点这部分的内容，需要在答辩是重点讲述。四、参考文献主要引用了哪些文献内容，其文献大概的论点应用是什么，在这部分中大致申明即可。由于毕业论文的篇幅通常过长，其答辩时通常采用的都是PPT进行展示，而答辩的提纲也同样围绕与PPT，其主要的作用就是辅助展示毕业论文的观点。