英语毕业论文常见错误格式

英语专业毕业论文格式要求及范本

毕业论文格式要求：

1、毕业论文应依次包括如下页面：

1)中文封面 2)英文封面 3)作者声明 4)致谢

5)英文摘要和关键词 6)中文摘要和关键词 7)正文

8)注释(如无尾注，可省略) 9)参考文献 10)附录 2、页码标号：

正文前页码用罗马数字如 I, II, III, IV，从正文开始用阿拉伯数字1，2，3标明页码。页码一律居中打印。 3、摘要、关键词： 英文

(1) Abstract：三号;“Abstract”粗体, 居中;

(2) Keywords：3-5个用“;”分隔;小四号; 最后一个关键词后不用标点符号;除专有名词，单词首字母不大写;“Keywords” 粗体 汉语

参照论文格式范本。 行距为倍。 4、正文格式：

1) 文章题目不必出现在正文页。

2) 各级标题一般要求左对齐打印。标题一律用粗体。一级标题：粗体四号字;二

级标题：粗体小四号字;三级标题：粗体小四号字。

3) 英文一律采用Times New Roman小四号，全文双倍行距;如有汉字(参考文献

部分)，一律用五号宋体。

4) 正文中如每一段开头缩进两个汉字(或四个英文)字符的位置，则段与段之间

不空行;如每一段开头不缩进，段与段之间必须空一行。 5) 正文中一级标题间的段落空一行。 5、引用：

1)文中引用人名应与参考文献保持一致，即参考文献部分为英文的用英文，汉语的则用汉语拼音;

2)文中直接引用成段文字时，该段文字用五号，第一行缩进6个字符，其余行两端缩进4个字符。 6.注释：

(1)除了文学类毕业论文可以使用尾注注释方式，其余要求使用夹注注释方式。 (2) 夹注中所列指的文献，必须在参考文献中列出。如作者及作品为中文，夹注 中书写作者姓氏时必须使用拼音。) 例如： 1) 直接引用

—— Rees said, “As key aspects of …in the process”(1986:241).

—— The underlying assumption is that language “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(Elli, 1968: 3). 2 ) 间接引用

—— According to Alun Rees (1986)〔也可位于引语的最后〕, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation 〔(1986〕. —— It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance ( Robertson,1987). 3 ) 互联网资料： 格式：编号

例： “A deconstructive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of a text’s critical difference from itself” (Net. 2).

(注：Net. 1, Net. 2, Net. 3,„„只是为了便于注明文内引语的出处，具体格式见下文参考文献中的相关内容)

7.参考文献：

1)参考文献须另起一页。 2)“References”三号粗体，居中。

3)英文参考文献在前，中文参考文献在后。英文参考文献按作者首字母顺序排列;同一作者按年排列。中文按照作者姓氏的.拼音字母顺序，排到所有英文文献后。 4)字体为英文小四号,中文五号。

5) 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：

M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 P——专利 A——文章

6) 作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, .，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & I. Gordon;

7)书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。

本文摘录自 《The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students》 ，主要是为了自己方便查阅。学习英语多年，模仿过CNS的文章，写过不少英语论文，但还是水平有限。这篇文章明确地指出了中国学者在写作英语论文时候所容易犯的错误，一对照，发现自己中了一半。现在将该文章简单摘录如下。

The single most common habit is the omission of articles a, an, and the. This occurs because Mandarin has no direct equivalent of articles and the rules for using them are somewhat complicated for a non-native speakers.

Articles signal that a noun will follow and that any modifiers between the article and the noun refer to that noun (a big blue bicycle / the first award). A and an are indefinite articles; the is a definite article. Every time a singular noncount noun, a common noun that names one countable item, is used the noun requires some kind of determiner.

Mistake: The, a, and an are

Very long sentences are especially common in Chinese-English writing because the writers often translate directly from Chinese to English. Although, in Chinese writing it is acceptable to put several supporting ideas in on sentence to show their relationship, in English,the main idea and each supporting idea is typically written in separate sentences.

One can usually recognize a very long sentence by its length – sixty words or more . However, sentences of smaller lengths can also be too long if they contain multiple statements that confuse the main idea . Long sentences can be avoided by limiting each sentence to one or two topics. Semicolons should be used where the writer really wants to emphasize the relationship between ideas. 句子太长，特别是那些超过60个单词的。还有一些就是一直逗号。真想将多个内容放到一个句子中，可以适当利用分号。特别有时候主句已经够长，后面还用which引导的从句，就显得更长。

example： This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side ，which . The new method can monitor...

Chinese writers often preface the main topic of a sentence by first stating the purpose, location, reason, examples and conditions as introductory elements. However, this has the effect of demoting the importance of the main idea and making the reader think the author is indirect. Bring the main idea to the beginning of the sentence stating any locations, reasons, etc., afterwards. 其实就是说中国学者喜欢开场白，把目的，地点，原因什么的东西摆在想表达的内容前面作为铺垫。但这样在英语中是不可取的，降低了论点的重要性，以及让人感到你不够直接。 example 1: For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing. 这个原因提前了，应该改成： This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors. example 2: Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model, the extended STL format is described in this section. 基于xxx放在句首，这个句式我经常用，还自以为很精彩，实际应该改成： The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.

尽量将时间从句放在后面 example： When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for ∆= is shown in Fig. 8. 应改成： Figure 8 shows the BDs for ∆= when U is taken as the control parameter.

Two very common errors are those concerning the presentation of Arabic numerals, and equations. Chinese writers usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word. The use of Arabic numerals, itself, is not an error however; they should never be used at the beginning of sentences. 英语句子开头如果是数字，要用英语，不能用阿拉伯数字 example： 12 Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.

Arabic numerals are overused. Arabic numerals should be used to give data in technical papers, however they should not be used to give general information. 阿拉伯数字主要用于给出数据，而一些普通的信息则不用 example： *All 3 three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.

Equations should be introduced as much as possible, not inserted in place of words. Most journals, like the International Journal of Production Research, discourage the use of even short expressions within the text. 公式要表达清楚，不要直接用符号 example： If the power battery SOC > is greater than SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load ,…(不直接用">"，而是用英文表述）

Paragraphs are separated to indicate the end of one idea or thought and the beginning of another. All English paragraphs start on a new line with an indent of about one inch or with an extra line between the two paragraphs. The latter is more typical for business writing.

The antecedent (noun or pronoun) to which which refers is not specific, causing confusion. 就是用这个从句有时候指意不明 example： ‘The Shijiazhuang south road underground bridge possesses the largest jacking force, which is built at 1978(10680t).’ ‘Shijiazhuang south road underground bridge possesses the largest jacking force which is built at 1978(10680t).’

Two errors occur when these phrases are used. The first is overuse. In some papers written by Chinese, these phrases can occur as much as twice per page. In papers written by native English writers these phrases are reserved for primarily two uses

Therefore, if either phrase occurs more than three times in a paper, its use is questionable. Actually, the reader is aware that the work presented is by the author (unless the author states otherwise) so there is no reason to repeat these phrases. The second error is more subtle. The two phrases are interchanged. example: In this paper, IDEAS was used to …. 改成： In this study, IDEAS was used to….

The ‘study’ is the work the author/s did. The paper is the mode to present this work and is what the reader is holding/ reading. Keep in mind the writer can also use other phrases such as ‘in this research’, and ‘this paper present’.

Such as and etc. are commonly misused by Chinese-English writers. Such as means ‘for example’ and implies that an incomplete list will follow; etc. means ‘and so on’ and is used at the end of a list to show it is not complete. Therefore, using such as and etc. together is redundant. Such as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given. example: Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers , and etc .

英语专业论文格式规范 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms （题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”） （学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中） 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… （英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。） 【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。） 1. Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms The characteristics of English idioms （正文章节序号编制：章的编号：1. ，2.， 3.，…；节的编号：…，…；小节的编号为：, …。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） …. In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. …. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms … (i) …. …. (ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion …. Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号） Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981. 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。 三、英语论文正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。 四、英语论文的文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。 1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如: The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9). 这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。 2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示: Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165) 这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。 3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如: points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9). 值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。 4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如: Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43). 5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如: Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i). 圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字；其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。 6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如: Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35). Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15). 这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。 7.评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。 When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(). 这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。 五、英语论文的文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点: 1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。 2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。 3.各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。 4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。 现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。 Two or More Books by the Same Author Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950. ---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats, Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963. 引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名；各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。 An Author with an Editor Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B. Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959. 本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth；如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如: Blackmur, Richard . The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribner's, . 如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可): Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery. London: Macmillan, . A Multivolume Work Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928. Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. . London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols. 第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容；第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。 A Selection from an Anthology Abram, M. H.“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.” Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New York: Columbia UP,. 被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。 Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers Otto, Mary L.“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.” Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48