毛毛512512
Car partsEngine The engine is a power plant, which provides power to drive the automobile. In most automobile engines,the explosive power of the mixture of air and gasoline drives the pistons.The pistons turn a crankshaft to which they are attached The rotating force of the crankshaft makes the automobile’s wheels turn.Some automobiles are powered by another kind of engine,known as the rotary valve,rotating combustion engine or Wankel engine The rotary valve engine also draws in a mixture of air and fuel, which is then compressed and burnt.A motor revolving in an elliptical chamber is connected to a shaft,Which finally drives the rear wheels.In most automobiles.the engine is mounted at the front end of the car,with the clutch and gearbox immediately behind it;the engine, clutch and gearbox are assembled into a single unit Suspension System The function of the suspension system is to absorb vibrations due to the up and down motion of wheels.caused by the irregularities in the road surface . The springs, connecting linkages.and shock absorber comprise the suspension system of a vehicle.The suspension system is of two types: (1)Rigid system(2)Independent systemIn the rigid system, the road springs are attached to a rigid beam axle. It is mostly used in the front axle of commercial vehicles and in the car axle of all types of independent system does not have a rigid axle. Each wheel is free to move vertically without any reaction on its mating wheel. The independent system is mostly used in small cars Power TrainThe power train carries the power that the engine produces to the car wheels. It consists of the clutch (on cars with a manual transmission), transmission (a system of gears that increases the turning effort of the engine to move the automobile ),drive shaft, differential and rear clutch is required with the manual transmission system to temporarily disconnect the engine from wheels. Such disengagement of the power train from the engine is essential while changing the gear ratio or while stopping the main function of the transmission is to provide the necessary variation to the torque applied by the engine to the wheels. This is achieved by changing the gearing ratio between the engine output shaft and the drive ShaftThe drive shaft or propeller connects the gearbox and the differential unit. The drive shaft has universal joints at its ends.DifferentialThe function of the differential is to split the power received from the propeller shaft to the rear axle shaft. It allows the rear wheels to be driven at different speeds when the vehicle takes a bend or falls into a ditch. AxlesAxles are the shafts on which road wheels are mounted. The road wheels are provided with the required drive through these axles.WheelThe automobile wheels take the load of the vehicle and also produce tractive force to move the vehicle. The wheels are also used for retardation and for stopping the SystemThe steering system is used for changing the direction of the vehicle .The major requirements in any steering mechanism are that it should be precise and easy to handle, and that the front wheels should have a tendency to return to the straight-ahead position after a turn. A gear mechanism, which is known as steering gear, is used in this system to increase the steering effort provided by the driver. This system makes the vehicle steering very easy as the driver does not have to put in much effort.Vehicle steering is not only required on a curved road but also while maneuvering on the busy traffic roads.The steering system allows the vehicle to be guided i.e.to be turned left or right. Braking SystemBrakes are required for slowing down or stopping a moving vehicle.The braking system may be operated mechanically or hydraulically. 95 percent of the braking systems in use today are of the hydraulic brake consist of two members.one rotating and the other stationary.There are various means by which the two member call be brought in contact,thus reducing the speed of the major components of the braking system are:brake pedal, master cylinder, wheel Cylinder, brake pipe,brake shoes.brake packing plant and linkages.As the load on the vehicle and the vehicle speed has increased according to recent trends.in modem days, the importance of the braking system has also increased and power brakes are now being preferred.Power brakes utilize vacuum and air pressure to provide most of the brake————applying effort.汽车部件发动机发动机是一种动力机械设备.它为汽车提供动力。在大部分汽车发动机中.空气和汽油的混合气体产生的爆炸性能量驱动活动活塞运动。活塞使它们所连接的曲轴转动。曲轴的转动力量使汽车的车轮转动。一些汽车是由另外一种发动机提供动力的,这种发动机被认为是旋转气门、旋转燃烧或汪克尔发动机。转子发动机也是吸入空气和燃料的混合气,混合气被压缩和燃烧•在一个椭圆形的室内旋转的发动机连接着一个轴,这个轴将最终驱动后面的车轮。大部分汽车中,发动机是架在汽车的前面末端的,离台器和变速箱在它后面,发动帆、离台器和变速箱被装配成一个整体。发动机工作时有很多系统都是必要的。润滑系统可以减少摩擦并减轻发动机磨损。冷却系统被用来保持发动机的温度在安全范围内。发动机必须有燃油系统保证适当数量的空气和燃料供给。空气和燃油混合物必须由点火系统在适当的时间在气缸内被点燃。最后,电子系统被用来控制启动发动机用的电动机和为发动机附件提供电能。润滑系统发动机有许多最终会被磨损的运动部件,因为它们是相对运动的。发动机使润滑油在这些运动的部件间循环,以避免因金属与金属之间的接触而导致磨损。被润滑过的部件能够因为摩擦减少而容易运动,因摩擦导致的能量损失是最小的。润滑油的第二个功能是作为冷却液和防止泄露。最后,气缸壁上的润滑油薄膜有助于活塞环密封并因此提高发动机的压缩性。冷却系统 由于燃料与空气在气缸内燃烧,从而使发动机部件温度升高。温度升高直接影响发动机的性能和发动机部件的寿命。冷却系统使发动机工作保持在有效的温度。不管驾驶条件如何,发动机系统被设计成既能防止过热又能防止过冷。燃料供给系统燃料供给系统的主要功能是以一定的比例和压力给化油器或喷射系统提供燃料,并在汽车遇到的所有情况下,满足发动机对负载、速度和坡度的需要。燃料系统也必须为汽车行驶几英里保留足够的燃料。身提供了一个安装框架。车架用方刚或盒形钢铁制造,有足够的强度支撑车身和其他构件的重量。汽车车架通常由一些焊接或铆接在一起的零件构成,从而形成最后的形状。发动机和橡胶垫被圈定在车架上。橡胶垫可以吸收振动,也可以提供这些振动的阻尼减轻乘客由于振动产生的不适。悬架系统悬架系统的功能是吸收由于路面不平使车轮上下运动所产生的振动。弹性元件、连接装置和减振器组成了汽车的悬架系统。悬架系统有两种类型:(1)刚性悬架系统(2)独立悬架系统在刚性悬架系统中,弹簧被系在刚性横梁上,这种系统主要被用在商用车辆的前轴和所有类型车辆的车轴上。独立悬架系统没有一根坚硬的轴。每个车架可以自由做垂直运动而相对应的另一侧车轮没有任何反应。独立悬架系统主要用在小汽车上。传动系统传动系把发动机产生的能量传递给车轮。它包括离台器(汽车上用手动变速器)、传动系(一系列的齿轮,把由发动机产生的转矩增强.推动汽车)、驱动轴、差速器和后挢。离合器离合器用于手动变速的传动系统。用它暂时把发动机和车轮之间的动力传递分开。当换档或停车时,把传动系和发动机的连接断开是很必要的。变速籍变速箱的主要功能是通过发动机把各种必需的扭矩提供给车轮,这是通过改变发动机输出轴和驱动轴两者之阃的传动比来实现的。驱动轴驱动轴或叫推动轴与齿轮箱和差动器相连。驱动轴通常在末端具有万向节。差速器差速器的功能是把来自传动轴的能量分给后轿。当汽车转弯或掉沟时,它允许后轮以不同的逮度驱动。车轿车桥是指用来安装车轮的轴,通过这些车桥向车轮提供必需的驱动力。 车轮车轮支承着整辆车.并产生牵引力来驱动汽车。车轮也用于减速和停车。转向系统转向系统是用来改变汽车方向的,在任何转向机构中最主要的就是转向精确且容易控制,同时前轮在转向后又能自动回正。一个齿轮机构,通常认为是转向齿轮,在这个系统内用来增强由驾驶员提供的转向力,这个系统使得汽车转向非常容易,驾驶员不用费报大的力。不仅仅是在弯曲的公路上需要汽车转向,在交通拥挤的路上也需要巧妙地控制。转向系统使得汽车可以被控制向左或者向右转向。制动系统制动用来使车辆放慢速度或者停车。制动系统可以是机械制动或者液压制动。现在用的制动系统95%都是液压型的。所有的制动系统都包含两种元件,一种是旋转零件,另一种是固定零件,有各种各样方法使得这两个元件相接触而使车辆减速。制动系统的主要组成部分:制动踏扳、主制动缸、车轮制动、制动鼓、制动管路、制动蹄、制动装备和联动装置。随着汽车负载和车速的增大,目前制动系统的重要性也在增大,并且现在人们更喜欢助力制动。助力制动利用真空和空气压力来提供更好的制动力。
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1. 基于FX2N-48MRPLC的交通灯控制2. 西门子PLC控制的四层电梯毕业设计论文3. PLC电梯控制毕业论文4. 基于plc的五层电梯控制5. 松下PLC控制的五层电梯设计6. 基于PLC控制的立体车库系统设计7. PLC控制的花样喷泉8. 三菱PLC控制的花样喷泉系统9. PLC控制的抢答器设计10. 世纪星组态 PLC控制的交通灯系统11. X62W型卧式万能铣床设计12. 四路抢答器PLC控制13. PLC控制类毕业设计论文14. 铁路与公路交叉口护栏自动控制系统15. 基于PLC的机械手自动操作系统16. 三相异步电动机正反转控制17. 基于机械手分选大小球的自动控制18. 基于PLC控制的作息时间控制系统19. 变频恒压供水控制系统20. PLC在电网备用自动投入中的应用21. PLC在变电站变压器自动化中的应用22. FX2系列PCL五层电梯控制系统23. PLC控制的自动售货机毕业设计论文24. 双恒压供水西门子PLC毕业设计25. 交流变频调速PLC控制电梯系统设计毕业论文26. 基于PLC的三层电梯控制系统设计27. PLC控制自动门的课程设计28. PLC控制锅炉输煤系统29. PLC控制变频调速五层电梯系统设计30. 机械手PLC控制设计31. 基于PLC的组合机床控制系统设计32. PLC在改造z-3040型摇臂钻床中的应用33. 超高压水射流机器人切割系统电气控制设计34. PLC在数控技术中进给系统的开发中的应用35. PLC在船用牵引控制系统开发中的应用36. 智能组合秤控制系统设计37. S7-200PLC在数控车床控制系统中的应用38. 自动送料装车系统PLC控制设计39. 三菱PLC在五层电梯控制中的应用40. PLC在交流双速电梯控制系统中的应用41. PLC电梯控制毕业论文42. 基于PLC的电机故障诊断系统设计43. 欧姆龙PLC控制交通灯系统毕业论文44. PLC在配料生产线上的应用毕业论文45. 三菱PLC控制的四层电梯毕业设计论文46. 全自动洗衣机PLC控制毕业设计论文47. 工业洗衣机的PLC控制毕业论文48. 《双恒压无塔供水的PLC电气控制》49. 基于三菱PLC设计的四层电梯控制系统50. 西门子PLC交通灯毕业设计51. 自动铣床PLC控制系统毕业设计52. PLC变频调速恒压供水系统53. PLC控制的行车自动化控制系统54. 基于PLC的自动售货机的设计55. 基于PLC的气动机械手控制系统56. PLC在电梯自动化控制中的应用57. 组态控制交通灯58. PLC控制的升降横移式自动化立体车库59. PLC在电动单梁天车中的应用60. PLC在液体混合控制系统中的应用61. 基于西门子PLC控制的全自动洗衣机仿真设计62. 基于三菱PLC控制的全自动洗衣机63. 基于plc的污水处理系统64. 恒压供水系统的PLC控制设计65. 基于欧姆龙PLC的变频恒压供水系统设计66. 西门子PLC编写的花样喷泉控制程序67. 欧姆龙PLC编写的全自动洗衣机控制程序68 景观温室控制系统的设计69. 贮丝生产线PLC控制的系统70. 基于PLC的霓虹灯控制系统71. PLC在砂光机控制系统上的应用72. 磨石粉生产线控制系统的设计73. 自动药片装瓶机PLC控制设计74. 装卸料小车多方式运行的PLC控制系统设计75. PLC控制的自动罐装机系统76. 基于CPLD的可控硅中频电源77. 西门子PLC编写的花样喷泉控制程序78. 欧姆龙PLC编写的全自动洗衣机控制程序79. PLC在板式过滤器中的应用80. PLC在粮食存储物流控制系统设计中的应用81. 变频调速式疲劳试验装置控制系统设计82. 基于PLC的贮料罐控制系统83. 基于PLC的智能交通灯监控系统设计1.基于labVIEW虚拟滤波器的设计与实现2.双闭环直流调速系统设计3.单片机脉搏测量仪4.单片机控制的全自动洗衣机毕业设计论文电梯控制的设计与实现6.恒温箱单片机控制7.基于单片机的数字电压表8.单片机控制步进电机毕业设计论文9.函数信号发生器设计论文变电所一次系统设计11.报警门铃设计论文单片机交通灯控制13.单片机温度控制系统通信系统中的接入信道部分进行仿真与分析15.仓库温湿度的监测系统16.基于单片机的电子密码锁17.单片机控制交通灯系统设计18.基于DSP的IIR数字低通滤波器的设计与实现19.智能抢答器设计20.基于LabVIEW的PC机与单片机串口通信设计的IIR数字高通滤波器22.单片机数字钟设计23.自动起闭光控窗帘毕业设计论文24.三容液位远程测控系统毕业论文25.基于Matlab的PWM波形仿真与分析26.集成功率放大电路的设计27.波形发生器、频率计和数字电压表设计28.水位遥测自控系统 毕业论文29.宽带视频放大电路的设计 毕业设计30.简易数字存储示波器设计毕业论文31.球赛计时计分器 毕业设计论文数字滤波器的设计毕业论文机与单片机串行通信毕业论文34.基于CPLD的低频信号发生器设计毕业论文变电站电气主接线设计序列在扩频通信中的应用37.正弦信号发生器38.红外报警器设计与实现39.开关稳压电源设计40.基于MCS51单片机温度控制毕业设计论文41.步进电动机竹竿舞健身娱乐器材42.单片机控制步进电机 毕业设计论文43.单片机汽车倒车测距仪44.基于单片机的自行车测速系统设计45.水电站电气一次及发电机保护46.基于单片机的数字显示温度系统毕业设计论文47.语音电子门锁设计与实现48.工厂总降压变电所设计-毕业论文49.单片机无线抢答器设计50.基于单片机控制直流电机调速系统毕业设计论文51.单片机串行通信发射部分毕业设计论文52.基于VHDL语言PLD设计的出租车计费系统毕业设计论文53.超声波测距仪毕业设计论文54.单片机控制的数控电流源毕业设计论文55.声控报警器毕业设计论文56.基于单片机的锁相频率合成器毕业设计论文57.基于Multism/protel的数字抢答器58.单片机智能火灾报警器毕业设计论59.无线多路遥控发射接收系统设计毕业论文60.单片机对玩具小车的智能控制毕业设计论文61.数字频率计毕业设计论文62.基于单片机控制的电机交流调速毕业设计论文63.楼宇自动化--毕业设计论文64.车辆牌照图像识别算法的实现--毕业设计65.超声波测距仪--毕业设计66.工厂变电所一次侧电气设计67.电子测频仪--毕业设计68.点阵电子显示屏--毕业设计69.电子电路的电子仿真实验研究70.基于51单片机的多路温度采集控制系统71.基于单片机的数字钟设计72.小功率不间断电源(UPS)中变换器的原理与设计73.自动存包柜的设计74.空调器微电脑控制系统75.全自动洗衣机控制器76.电力线载波调制解调器毕业设计论文77.图书馆照明控制系统设计78.基于AC3的虚拟环绕声实现79.电视伴音红外转发器的设计80.多传感器障碍物检测系统的软件设计81.基于单片机的电器遥控器设计82.基于单片机的数码录音与播放系统83.单片机控制的霓虹灯控制器84.电阻炉温度控制系统85.智能温度巡检仪的研制86.保险箱遥控密码锁 毕业设计变电所的电气部分及继电保护88.年产26000吨乙醇精馏装置设计89.卷扬机自动控制限位控制系统90.铁矿综合自动化调度系统91.磁敏传感器水位控制系统92.继电器控制两段传输带机电系统93.广告灯自动控制系统94.基于CFA的二阶滤波器设计95.霍尔传感器水位控制系统96.全自动车载饮水机97.浮球液位传感器水位控制系统98.干簧继电器水位控制系统99.电接点压力表水位控制系统100.低成本智能住宅监控系统的设计101.大型发电厂的继电保护配置102.直流操作电源监控系统的研究103.悬挂运动控制系统104.气体泄漏超声检测系统的设计105.电压无功补偿综合控制装置型无功补偿装置控制器的设计电机调速频段窄带调频无线接收机109.电子体温计110.基于单片机的病床呼叫控制系统111.红外测温仪112.基于单片微型计算机的测距仪113.智能数字频率计114.基于单片微型计算机的多路室内火灾报警器115.信号发生器116.基于单片微型计算机的语音播出的作息时间控制器117.交通信号灯控制电路的设计118.基于单片机步进电机控制系统设计119.多路数据采集系统的设计120.电子万年历121.遥控式数控电源设计降压变电所一次系统设计变电站一次系统设计124.智能数字频率计125.信号发生器126.基于虚拟仪器的电网主要电气参数测试设计127.基于FPGA的电网基本电量数字测量系统的设计128.风力发电电能变换装置的研究与设计129.电流继电器设计130.大功率电器智能识别与用电安全控制器的设计131.交流电机型式试验及计算机软件的研究132.单片机交通灯控制系统的设计133.智能立体仓库系统的设计134.智能火灾报警监测系统135.基于单片机的多点温度检测系统136.单片机定时闹钟设计137.湿度传感器单片机检测电路制作138.智能小车自动寻址设计--小车悬挂运动控制系统139.探讨未来通信技术的发展趋势140.音频多重混响设计141.单片机呼叫系统的设计142.基于FPGA和锁相环4046实现波形发生器143.基于FPGA的数字通信系统144.基于单片机的带智能自动化的红外遥控小车145.基于单片机AT89C51的语音温度计的设计146.智能楼宇设计147.移动电话接收机功能电路148.单片机演奏音乐歌曲装置的设计149.单片机电铃系统设计150.智能电子密码锁设计151.八路智能抢答器设计152.组态控制抢答器系统设计153.组态控制皮带运输机系统设计154..基于单片机控制音乐门铃155.基于单片机控制文字的显示156.基于单片机控制发生的数字音乐盒157.基于单片机控制动态扫描文字显示系统的设计158.基于LMS自适应滤波器的MATLAB实现功率放大器毕业论文160.无线射频识别系统发射接收硬件电路的设计161.基于单片机PIC16F877的环境监测系统的设计162.基于ADE7758的电能监测系统的设计163.智能电话报警器164.数字频率计 课程设计165.多功能数字钟电路设计 课程设计166.基于VHDL数字频率计的设计与仿真167.基于单片机控制的电子秤168.基于单片机的智能电子负载系统设计169.电压比较器的模拟与仿真170.脉冲变压器设计仿真技术及应用172.基于单片机的水温控制系统173.基于FPGA和单片机的多功能等精度频率计174.发电机-变压器组中微型机保护系统175.基于单片机的鸡雏恒温孵化器的设计176.数字温度计的设计177.生产流水线产品产量统计显示系统178.水位报警显时控制系统的设计179.红外遥控电子密码锁的设计180.基于MCU温控智能风扇控制系统的设计181.数字电容测量仪的设计182.基于单片机的遥控器的设计电话卡代拨器的设计184.数字式心电信号发生器硬件设计及波形输出实现185.电压稳定毕业设计论文186.基于DSP的短波通信系统设计(IIR设计)187.一氧化碳报警器188.网络视频监控系统的设计189.全氢罩式退火炉温度控制系统190.通用串行总线数据采集卡的设计191.单片机控制单闭环直流电动机的调速控制系统192.单片机电加热炉温度控制系统193.单片机大型建筑火灾监控系统接口设备驱动程序的框架设计195.基于Matlab的多频率FMICW的信号分离及时延信息提取196.正弦信号发生器197.小功率UPS系统设计198.全数字控制SPWM单相变频器199.点阵式汉字电子显示屏的设计与制作200.基于AT89C51的路灯控制系统设计200.基于AT89C51的路灯控制系统设计201.基于AT89C51的宽范围高精度的电机转速测量系统202.开关电源设计203.基于PDIUSBD12和K9F2808简易USB闪存设计204.微型机控制一体化监控系统205.直流电机试验自动采集与控制系统的设计206.新型自动装弹机控制系统的研究与开发207.交流异步电机试验自动采集与控制系统的设计208.转速闭环控制的直流调速系统的仿真与设计209.基于单片机的数字直流调速系统设计210.多功能频率计的设计信息移频信号的频谱分析和识别212.集散管理系统—终端设计213.基于MATLAB的数字滤波器优化设计214.基于AT89C51SND1C的MP3播放器215.基于光纤的汽车CAN总线研究216.汽车倒车雷达217.基于DSP的电机控制218.超媒体技术219.数字电子钟的设计与制作220.温度报警器的电路设计与制作221.数字电子钟的电路设计222.鸡舍电子智能补光器的设计223.高精度超声波传感器信号调理电路的设计224.电子密码锁的电路设计与制作225.单片机控制电梯系统的设计226.常用电器维修方法综述227.控制式智能计热表的设计228.电子指南针设计229.汽车防撞主控系统设计230.单片机的智能电源管理系统231.电力电子技术在绿色照明电路中的应用232.电气火灾自动保护型断路器的设计233.基于单片机的多功能智能小车设计234.对漏电保护器安全性能的剖析235.解析民用建筑的应急照明236.电力拖动控制系统设计237.低频功率放大器设计238.银行自动报警系统
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Car partsEngine The engine is a power plant, which provides power to drive the automobile. In most automobile engines,the explosive power of the mixture of air and gasoline drives the pistons.The pistons turn a crankshaft to which they are attached The rotating force of the crankshaft makes the automobile’s wheels turn.Some automobiles are powered by another kind of engine,known as the rotary valve,rotating combustion engine or Wankel engine The rotary valve engine also draws in a mixture of air and fuel, which is then compressed and burnt.A motor revolving in an elliptical chamber is connected to a shaft,Which finally drives the rear wheels.In most automobiles.the engine is mounted at the front end of the car,with the clutch and gearbox immediately behind it;the engine, clutch and gearbox are assembled into a single unit A number of systems are necessary to make an engine work . A lubrication system is neededto reduce friction and prevent engine wear. A cooling system is required to keep the engine’s temperature within safe limits .The engine must be provided with the correct amount of air and fuel by a fuel system. The mixture of air and fuel must be ignited inside the cylinder at just the right time by an ignition system.Finally, an electrical system is required to operate the cranking motor that starts the engine and to provide electrical energy to power engine accessoriesLubrication System An engine has many moving parts which eventually develop wear,as they move against each other.The engine circulates oil between these moving parts to prevent the metal-to-metal contact that results in wear. Parts that are oiled can move more easily with less friction and hence power loss due to friction is minimized.The secondary function of lubricant is to act as a coolant and also as a sealing medium to prevent leakages.Finally,a film of lubricant on the cylinder walls helps the tings in sealing and thus improves the engine’s compressions.Cooling System Due to the combustion of fuel with air inside the cylinder,the temperature of the engine parts increases.This increase of temperature directly affects the engine performance and the life of the engine parts.The cooling system keeps the engine operating at the efficient temperature.Whatever the driving conditions, the system is designed to prevent both overheating and overcooling.Fuel System The main function of the fuel supply system is to provide fuel to the carburetor or injection system at a rate and pressure sufficient to meet engine demands under all conditions of load,speed and gradients encountered by the vehicle.The fuel system must also have enough reserve fuel for several miles of vehicle operation.Ignition System The purpose of the ignition system is to provide assistance for the combustion of fuel either by a high voltage spark or self-ignition in each of the engine’s cylinder at the right time so that the air-fuel mixture can burn completely. The fuel supplied to the combustion chamber must be ignited to deliver power.In a spark—ignition engine an electric spark is used for this purpose.The compression—ignition engine does not require a separate ignition system because the ignition is affected by compression of the mixture to a high pressure. Electrical System The engine’s electrical system provides energy to operate a starting motor and to power all the accessories.The main components of the electrical system are a battery,an alternator, a starting motor, ignition coil and heater.Frame The frame provides a foundation for the engine and the body of the vehicle . The flame is constructed from square or box-shaped steel members strong enough to support the weight of the body and other components. The automobile frame is usually made up of a number of members welded or riveted together to give the final shape.The engine is mounted on the frame with rubber pads which absorb vibrations and also provide damping of these vibrations.Absorption and damping of vibrations protects passengers from discomfort caused by shocks. The frame is supported on wheel axles by means of springs.This whole assembly is calledthe chassis. Suspension System The function of the suspension system is to absorb vibrations due to the up and down motion of wheels.caused by the irregularities in the road surface . The springs, connecting linkages.and shock absorber comprise the suspension system of a vehicle.The suspension system is of two types: (1)Rigid system(2)Independent systemIn the rigid system, the road springs are attached to a rigid beam axle. It is mostly used in the front axle of commercial vehicles and in the car axle of all types of independent system does not have a rigid axle. Each wheel is free to move vertically without any reaction on its mating wheel. The independent system is mostly used in small cars Power TrainThe power train carries the power that the engine produces to the car wheels. It consists of the clutch (on cars with a manual transmission), transmission (a system of gears that increases the turning effort of the engine to move the automobile ),drive shaft, differential and rear clutch is required with the manual transmission system to temporarily disconnect the engine from wheels. Such disengagement of the power train from the engine is essential while changing the gear ratio or while stopping the main function of the transmission is to provide the necessary variation to the torque applied by the engine to the wheels. This is achieved by changing the gearing ratio between the engine output shaft and the drive ShaftThe drive shaft or propeller connects the gearbox and the differential unit. The drive shaft has universal joints at its ends.DifferentialThe function of the differential is to split the power received from the propeller shaft to the rear axle shaft. It allows the rear wheels to be driven at different speeds when the vehicle takes a bend or falls into a ditch. AxlesAxles are the shafts on which road wheels are mounted. The road wheels are provided with the required drive through these axles.WheelThe automobile wheels take the load of the vehicle and also produce tractive force to move the vehicle. The wheels are also used for retardation and for stopping the SystemThe steering system is used for changing the direction of the vehicle .The major requirements in any steering mechanism are that it should be precise and easy to handle, and that the front wheels should have a tendency to return to the straight-ahead position after a turn. A gear mechanism, which is known as steering gear, is used in this system to increase the steering effort provided by the driver. This system makes the vehicle steering very easy as the driver does not have to put in much effort.Vehicle steering is not only required on a curved road but also while maneuvering on the busy traffic roads.The steering system allows the vehicle to be guided i.e.to be turned left or right. Braking SystemBrakes are required for slowing down or stopping a moving vehicle.The braking system may be operated mechanically or hydraulically. 95 percent of the braking systems in use today are of the hydraulic brake consist of two members.one rotating and the other stationary.There are various means by which the two member call be brought in contact,thus reducing the speed of the major components of the braking system are:brake pedal, master cylinder, wheel Cylinder, brake pipe,brake shoes.brake packing plant and linkages.As the load on the vehicle and the vehicle speed has increased according to recent trends.in modem days, the importance of the braking system has also increased and power brakes are now being preferred.Power brakes utilize vacuum and air pressure to provide most of the brake————applying effort.汽车部件发动机发动机是一种动力机械设备.它为汽车提供动力。在大部分汽车发动机中.空气和汽油的混合气体产生的爆炸性能量驱动活动活塞运动。活塞使它们所连接的曲轴转动。曲轴的转动力量使汽车的车轮转动。一些汽车是由另外一种发动机提供动力的,这种发动机被认为是旋转气门、旋转燃烧或汪克尔发动机。转子发动机也是吸入空气和燃料的混合气,混合气被压缩和燃烧•在一个椭圆形的室内旋转的发动机连接着一个轴,这个轴将最终驱动后面的车轮。大部分汽车中,发动机是架在汽车的前面末端的,离台器和变速箱在它后面,发动帆、离台器和变速箱被装配成一个整体。发动机工作时有很多系统都是必要的。润滑系统可以减少摩擦并减轻发动机磨损。冷却系统被用来保持发动机的温度在安全范围内。发动机必须有燃油系统保证适当数量的空气和燃料供给。空气和燃油混合物必须由点火系统在适当的时间在气缸内被点燃。最后,电子系统被用来控制启动发动机用的电动机和为发动机附件提供电能。润滑系统发动机有许多最终会被磨损的运动部件,因为它们是相对运动的。发动机使润滑油在这些运动的部件间循环,以避免因金属与金属之间的接触而导致磨损。被润滑过的部件能够因为摩擦减少而容易运动,因摩擦导致的能量损失是最小的。润滑油的第二个功能是作为冷却液和防止泄露。最后,气缸壁上的润滑油薄膜有助于活塞环密封并因此提高发动机的压缩性。冷却系统 由于燃料与空气在气缸内燃烧,从而使发动机部件温度升高。温度升高直接影响发动机的性能和发动机部件的寿命。冷却系统使发动机工作保持在有效的温度。不管驾驶条件如何,发动机系统被设计成既能防止过热又能防止过冷。燃料供给系统燃料供给系统的主要功能是以一定的比例和压力给化油器或喷射系统提供燃料,并在汽车遇到的所有情况下,满足发动机对负载、速度和坡度的需要。燃料系统也必须为汽车行驶几英里保留足够的燃料。点火系统点火系统的作用是在适当的时间使燃料燃烧,不管是高压电火花还是在每个发动机气缸中的自燃,以便于气体混合物的完全燃烧。提供给燃料室的燃料必须被点燃以提供能量。在一个火花点火发动机中,电火花就是用于这个目的。压缩点火发动机不需要一个独立的点火系统,因为点火会受混合气压缩压力的影响。电气系统发动机的电气系统提供能量给起动电动机并给所有附件提供电能。电气系统的主要构件是蓄电池、交流发电机、起动电动机、点火线圈和加热器。车架车架为汽车发动机和车身提供了一个安装框架。车架用方刚或盒形钢铁制造,有足够的强度支撑车身和其他构件的重量。汽车车架通常由一些焊接或铆接在一起的零件构成,从而形成最后的形状。发动机和橡胶垫被圈定在车架上。橡胶垫可以吸收振动,也可以提供这些振动的阻尼减轻乘客由于振动产生的不适。悬架系统悬架系统的功能是吸收由于路面不平使车轮上下运动所产生的振动。弹性元件、连接装置和减振器组成了汽车的悬架系统。悬架系统有两种类型:(1)刚性悬架系统(2)独立悬架系统在刚性悬架系统中,弹簧被系在刚性横梁上,这种系统主要被用在商用车辆的前轴和所有类型车辆的车轴上。独立悬架系统没有一根坚硬的轴。每个车架可以自由做垂直运动而相对应的另一侧车轮没有任何反应。独立悬架系统主要用在小汽车上。传动系统传动系把发动机产生的能量传递给车轮。它包括离台器(汽车上用手动变速器)、传动系(一系列的齿轮,把由发动机产生的转矩增强.推动汽车)、驱动轴、差速器和后挢。离合器离合器用于手动变速的传动系统。用它暂时把发动机和车轮之间的动力传递分开。当换档或停车时,把传动系和发动机的连接断开是很必要的。变速籍变速箱的主要功能是通过发动机把各种必需的扭矩提供给车轮,这是通过改变发动机输出轴和驱动轴两者之阃的传动比来实现的。驱动轴驱动轴或叫推动轴与齿轮箱和差动器相连。驱动轴通常在末端具有万向节。差速器差速器的功能是把来自传动轴的能量分给后轿。当汽车转弯或掉沟时,它允许后轮以不同的逮度驱动。车轿车桥是指用来安装车轮的轴,通过这些车桥向车轮提供必需的驱动力。 车轮车轮支承着整辆车.并产生牵引力来驱动汽车。车轮也用于减速和停车。转向系统转向系统是用来改变汽车方向的,在任何转向机构中最主要的就是转向精确且容易控制,同时前轮在转向后又能自动回正。一个齿轮机构,通常认为是转向齿轮,在这个系统内用来增强由驾驶员提供的转向力,这个系统使得汽车转向非常容易,驾驶员不用费报大的力。不仅仅是在弯曲的公路上需要汽车转向,在交通拥挤的路上也需要巧妙地控制。转向系统使得汽车可以被控制向左或者向右转向。制动系统制动用来使车辆放慢速度或者停车。制动系统可以是机械制动或者液压制动。现在用的制动系统95%都是液压型的。所有的制动系统都包含两种元件,一种是旋转零件,另一种是固定零件,有各种各样方法使得这两个元件相接触而使车辆减速。制动系统的主要组成部分:制动踏扳、主制动缸、车轮制动、制动鼓、制动管路、制动蹄、制动装备和联动装置。随着汽车负载和车速的增大,目前制动系统的重要性也在增大,并且现在人们更喜欢助力制动。助力制动利用真空和空气压力来提供更好的制动力。
仿真软件可以调出软元件监控,可以在软元件上面做传感器的触点的模拟 你也可以用触摸屏软件编写写按钮然后用触摸屏的软件进行仿真也是很方便的
仿真软件可以调出软元件监控,可以在软元件上面做传感器的触点的模拟 你也可以用触摸屏软件编写写按钮然后用触摸屏的软件进行仿真也是很方便的
正在做这个项目,不过没有英文。
智能建筑停车场管理系统论文,我的建议:1.计算机毕业设计可不能马虎,最好还是自己动动脑筋,好好的写一写。 2.网上那种免费的毕业设计千万不能采用,要么是论文不完
仿真软件可以调出软元件监控,可以在软元件上面做传感器的触点的模拟 你也可以用触摸屏软件编写写按钮然后用触摸屏的软件进行仿真也是很方便的
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